motor development 0-6 Flashcards
neuro-maturationist view
stages occur as result of CNS maturation
- development spirals w/ alt periods of flex/ext dominance and symm vs asylum
- reflexes are building blocks
cognitive behavioral view
stages are empirical descriptions of behavior
interaction of ind w/ enviro drives development
pavlovian and operant response to enviro stim
cognitive paigetian view
alt periods of equilibrium and disequilibrium
interaction b/n cog-neural structures and enviro opportunities for action
reflexes–> voluntary action
motor learning theory view
cog -> associative -> autonomous
trial and error practice leads to motor program development
GMPs, shames = learning –> development
dynamic systems view
stages are relative stability arising from self organization
individual recognizes affordances in enviro - elects most appropriate repsonse
mult cooperating systems w/ individual rates of develop, self motivated exploration of enviro
anther, body mass, nutrition
overweight infants - physical development delay
iodine and iron - cog delays
gestational age
1st day of last menstrual period to day of delivery
full term
39-40 weeks
early term
37-38 weeks
premature
<37 weeks
corrected age
40 weeks - weeks premature
neonate
newborn
0-28 days
infant
0-12 months
toddler
1-3 years
asymmetrical tonic neck reflex
(primitive - ATNR - fencers) appears at 20 weeks gestration integrates 4-5 months stim: turn head response: facial arm ext, AB. occipital arm F, AB
rooting reflex
(primative)
appear 28 weeks gestation
integrates 3 months
stim: tough perioral area of hungry infant
response: turns head and lips toward stim
suck-swallow
(primitive)
appears 28-34 gestation
integrates 5 months
stim: touch lips and inside of mouth for suckling and liquid for swallowing
response: rhythmic excursion of jaw; tongue rides up and down w/ jaw; followed by swallow
palmar grasp
primitive 28 weeks gestation integrates 4-7 months stim: pressure on palm of hand response: flexion of fingers
plantar grasp
appears 28 weeks gestation
integrates 9 weeks
stim: supported standing on feet or pressure to sole of foot just distal to met heads
response: flex toes
galant
28 weeks gestation
integrates at 3 mo, inconsistent
stim: prone, stroke paravertebral skin
response: lateral of curvature toward side of stim
moro
(startle) 28 weeks of gestation integrates at 3-5 months stim: head drop backwards/loud noise response: ab, ext arms, splay fingers, may be followed by arm flexion and adducction
automatic walking/stepping
37 weeks gestation
integrates 3-4 months
stim: hold upright w/ feet on support
response: high stepping movements w/ regular rhythm
symmetrical tonic neck
STNR
appear 4-6 months post full term delivery
integrates 8-12
stim: flex or extension of head
response: w/ head flexion, arms flex, hips extend, w/ head extension arms extended and hips flex
general neonate and fist month
physiological flexion (from being in womb) typically moving when awake
neonate/1mo supine
wide movements of arms
recoil w/ passive ext
rhythmic kicking when active
neonate/1mo prone
head to side w/ weight on cheek
may briefly lift head
elbows behind shoulders
neonate/1mo pull to sit
total head lag
neonate/1mo supported stand
automatic walking
neonate/1mo atypical
- strong ext, minimal physio flex
- no flexor recoil
- marked hypotonia
- no LE kicking
- does not accept weight in standing
- no recognition of changing head position w/ pull to sit
2 mo general
period of greatest asymmetry due to strong ATNR
more disorganized by 1mo old
not good time to eval motor progress
2 mo supine
visual tracking
inc shoulder mobility
variety of LE kicking movements
2 mo prone
briefly lift head to 45 deg
may begin to push up
frog legs (H f, er, ab K f, F df, ev
2 mo pull to sit
attempt to lift head
2 mo supported sit
briefly lifts head, unable to maintain
2 mo atypical
poor visual tracking when head supported
limited rom of UE
strong ext of head, trunk, hips in sitting
3 mo, general
emergence of symmetry and midline
3 mo supine
vision - Alert and aware of enviro
UE - increased ROM (90), hand to mouth, self explore
LE - kick w/ symmetrical and reciprocal patterns
3 mo prone
lift head 45-90 deg and maintains control
may tortate to track 180
elbows line w/ or in front of shoulders
frog legs
3 mo pull to sit
initial head lag
no chin tuck
3mo supported sit
extends back
rights head w/ hyper ext
3 mo standing
supports weight on both feet
3 mo atypical
poor visual control eat no tracking in supine
no ext at hips or trunk in sitting
no attempt to lift head with pull to sit
4mo general
symmetry in posture and move
- increase control over flex and ext
- purposeful movements emerging
4 mo supine
reaches hands to knees head/neck control eyes to track hands together and hands to face LE mirror UE when reaching
4 mo rolling
supine to side lying
4 mo prone
lifts head to 90 in midline
bears weight on forearm
4 mo pull to sit
flex head and tucks chin
4 mo supported sitting
stabilizes head in midline
4 mo atypical
strong asymmetrical postures of head or trunk
poor midline oreintation
no hand on body exploration
5mo general
emergence of dissociated and reciprocal limb movements
5 mo supine
hands to feet, feet to mouth
use of visoin
chin tuck when engaged in flexion activities
kicks w/ dissociated movements
5 mo supine to sidelying
- symmetrically flexed to initiate
- laterally flexes neck and trunk in side lying
- bears weight on one arm and reaches w/ other
- one sideline, top leg remains flexed and ab, bottom extends
5mo prone
pushes up onto extended arms
reaching
toy manipulation
5 mo pull to sit
no head lag
anticipatory strategy
5mo propped sitting
briefly maintains
uses trunk ext
LE in ring sitting position
5mo standing
bouncing
5 mo atypical
-unable to adopt ring sit
-does not attempt to pull self to sit
-elbows behind shoulders in prone
-consistend rolling from supine to side lying w/ ext
-no rolling from supine to sidelying
-no lateral flex of head and trunk in sidelying
-no forearm wb in prone
can’t maintain propped sitting
does not bring heels to ground in standing
6 mo general
controlled and purposeful movements
6 mo supine
midline play
reaches w/ one or both hands
6 mo rolling
rolls supine to prone (initiate from flexed)
rolls prone to supine (maintains control of head)
6mo prone
pivoting wb on extended arms may push up into quad forearm WB to play, elbows well in front of shoudlers reaching
6 mo pull to sit
acutely pulls self to sit when hands are held
6mo sitting
sit erect w/out support
head control
forward protective ext
shoulder girdle review
0-2 elbow behind shoulder
3 elbow in line w/ shoulder
4 elbow in front of shoulders
5-6 arms ext
