autism spectrum disorder Flashcards
neuro abnormalities in ASD
under connectivity of brain
inflammation of glia
decreased purkinje cells in cerebellum
dysfunctional mirror neurons
ASD is a group
of neurodevelopment disorders characterized by repetitive and characteristic patterns of behavior difficulties w/ social comm and interaction
dx under the ASD umbrella
- aspergers
- childhood disintegrative dx
- pervasive developmental disorders not otherwise specified
ASD dx criteria
- persistent deficits in comm and social interactions
- restricted, repetitive patterns or behavior, interest, activities
- symptoms present in early development, although they may be fully realized when social demands exceed capabilities
- symptoms cause clinically sig impairment in social, occupational or other important areas of function
- disturbances are not better explained by intellectual disability or global developmental delay
ASD prevalence
1 in 68
boys> girls (4-5x higher)
ASD common signs
differences may be noticed during infancy - overly focused on specific objects, poor eye contact, little babbling
development may be typical until 2 or 3 yo
parents commonly have concerns by 1st bday
ASD social impairments
- difficulty w/ socially engaging in convo
- difficulty understanding the feelings of others and expressing their own
- may not respond to name
ASD communication
fluent to no speech, fluent may be awkward/inappropriate, delayed common
repeating phrases, providing unrelated responses
difficulty processing and using non verbal comm
speak only on limited topics that interest them
flat, robot like, sing song voice
ASD repetitive and characteristic behaviors
- arm flapping, rocking/ spinning
- fixate on objects like wheels on toys
- may fixate on topic
- difficulty w/ changes in routine
- overstim can lead to outbursts
ASD motor function
atypical movement patterns during locomotion, reaching, aining
poor coordination
delayed onset of walking, postural asymm, abnormal tone
motor delay observed in 2-3y
ASD gait characteristics
instability
reduced ROM at ankle
increased variability of stride length
early indications for eval of ASD
- no babbling by 1
- no words by 16 mo or 2 word phrases by 2y
- no response to name
- loss of perviously acquired lang
- poor eye contact
- no smiling or social responsiveness
- excessive lining up of objects
late indications for eval of ASD
- difficulty making friends
- impaired ability to initiate or sustain convo
- absent/impaired imaginative and social play
- repetitive language
- abnormal intense interest
- preoccupation w/ certain objects
- inflexible adherence to routine
age that ASD dx can be reliable, valid, stable
2y
ASD causes
likely both genetic and enviro
