Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biological Psychology > Motor control of voluntary actions > Flashcards

Motor control of voluntary actions Flashcards

1
Q

What are th three classes of movement?

A
  • Reflexes
  • Voluntary movement
  • Rhythmic motor patterns
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an exmaple of rhythmic motor pattern?

A

Walking, running, chewing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the purpose of the cortex in the General Model of the Motor System?

A

Planning, initaitng and directing movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the purpose of the Spinal Cord in General Model of the Motor System?

A

Execution and reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is in the feedback circuit?

A

Assoication cortex, secondary motor cortex, primary motor cortex, brain stem motor nuclei, spinal motor circuit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the hierachary of the General Model of the SensoriMotor System?

A

Assoication cortex

v

Secondary motor cortex

v

Primary motor cortex

v

Brain stem motor nuclei

v

Spinal motor circuit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the purpose of Strategy in the Motor Control Hierarchy?

A

Goal of movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where does Strategy occur?

A

Neocortex and basal ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the Tactics in Motor Control Hierarchy?

A

Sequence of muscle contractions arranged in space & time to smoothly and accurately achieve the strategic goal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the Execution in Motor Control Hierarchy?

A

Activation of the motor neuron and interneuron pools that generate the movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does Execution occur?

A

Brain stem, spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Parallel Procesisng?

A

Flows in parallel over many pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Functional Segregation?

A

Contain functionally distinct areas that specalise in diffrent analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the different parts to the Secondary motor cortex?

A

Supplementary motor area

Premotor cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where is the Primary motor cortex?

A

Precentral gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the sides of the body that the Primary motor cortex controls?

A

Left primary motor cortex controls the right side.

Right primary motor cortex controls the left side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the motor homunculus?

A

Somatotopic map of the msucles int he primary motor cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the function of Primary motor cortex?

A

Responsible for causing movements of parts of the body on the opposite side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does Primary motor cortex code for?

A

1) Muscle Force
2) Direction of Movement
3) End Point of a Movement (Final Posture)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What happens to the muscle force if there is a resistive load?

A

More muscle force needed to move the hand - Primary motor coretex neuronal firing increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the Population Coding Hypothesis?

A

Direction to move represents a weighted sum of the directions signalled by the population of cells in the motor cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What the parts that make up the premotor cortex in the secondary motor cortex?

A

Dorsal Premotor Cortex (PMd)
Ventral Premotor Cortex (PMv)

23
Q

What are the three supplemntal motar areas in the secondary motor cortex?

A
  • SMA (supplementary motor area)
  • preSMA (pre-supplementary motor
    area)
  • supplementary eye fields
24
Q

How many cingulate motor areas in the secondary motor cortex?

A

3

25
Q

What is the purpose of Secondary motor cortex?

A
  • Receives input mainly from association cortices
  • Projects mainly to primary motor cortex, each other, and brainstem
  • Premotor areas encode spatial relations and program movements
26
Q

Where does Dorsal and Ventral Premotor cortex (PMd & PMv) receive input sources from the parietal cortex?

A
  • the PMd receives main inputs from the superior parietal lobule,
  • whereas the PMv receives inputs from the inferior parietal lobule
27
Q

Where does Dorsal and Ventral Premotor cortex (PMd & PMv) receive input sources from the prefrontal cortex?

A
  • the PMd receives main inputs from its dorsal area
  • whereas the PMv receives inputs from its ventral area
28
Q

What is the motor significance of sensory signals in Monkey’s Dorsal Premotor cortex?

A

Ablations of the premotor cortex are deficient in an abstractly guided visuomotor task.

29
Q

What is Bimodal neurons?

A

Respond to stimuli of two modalities

30
Q

What role does the Doral premotor cortex have in motor preparation?

A

Motor programming

31
Q

What is the purpose of lesion studies in animal models relating to the ventral premotor cortex?

A

Produce hemispatial neglect in the monkey

32
Q

Where are mirror neurons found?

A

In the Ventral Premotor cortex and inferior partietal

33
Q

Where she Supplementary motor area (SMA) active?

A

Self-initiated movements

34
Q

What are the functions of the supplementary motor areas

A

Self-initiated movements

Sequential, complex movements

35
Q

What is the stimulaiton of Supplementary motor areas?

A
  • Give rise to bilateral movment as it suggested it has a role in coordinating movement on the two sides of the body
36
Q

What does Supplementary motor are respond to?

A

Guided motor actions

37
Q

What is the purpose of the self-initated sequential movement experiment in human with right supplementary motor area lesion?

A

Observe a disturbance in the generation of complex movement deapite normal performanc of simple movement

38
Q

What is the test of the self-initated sequential movement experiment in human with right supplementary motor area lesion?

A
  • Elbow flexion and hand squeeze (both tested separately - simple movement

simultaneously/sequentially - complex movement)

39
Q

What is the Stop-Signal task/paradigm?

A

Participants need to respond to a given stimulus while having to inhibit their response when an infrequent stop signal is subsequently presented

40
Q

Damage to what area impars inhibitory control in the stop signal task?

A

Right superior medial frontal region

41
Q

What si Alien hand syndrome?

A

Rare disorder of involuntary limb movement with a sense of loss of limb ownership on occasion

42
Q

What areas of th brain is affected to cause alien hand syndrome?

A

Medial frontal lobe-SMA (frontal variant)

Parietal lobe (posterior variant)

Corpus callosum (callosal variant)

43
Q

What areas of the brain is the Posterior partietal cortex in?

A

Area 5 and 7

44
Q

What is the role of Posterior partietal cortex and dual route model of vision?

A

Perception and action are mediated by separate visual pathways in the cerebral cortex

45
Q

What is the purpose of the dorsal stream in association cortices?

A

Transforming visual information intot he appropriate coordinates for motor acts

46
Q

What is the purpose fo the ventral stream?

A

Recognise an object indepdent of its size, orientation and position

47
Q

What does the Posterior paretial cortex use?

A

Somatosenory, proprioceptive and visual information

48
Q

What is the function of Posterior Paretial cortex?

A

Used for particular visuomotor actions (e.g reaching, grasping, eye movement)

  • Processing and perception of action related information
  • Produce mental body image
49
Q

What is Apraxia?

A

Inability to perform purposeful actions in the setting of a preserved overall neurological function

50
Q

What is Ideomotor apraxia?

A

Damage to the inferior parietal lobe of the left hemisphere - patients have trouble in implementing the mental representation of carrying out an action on verbal command

51
Q

What is Contralateral (Hemispatial) Neglect?

A

Patient is unaware of the contraseional half of space

52
Q

What is the heterogeneity of ufucntions within the prefrontal region?

A
  • attentional selection
  • short-term memory
  • anticipatory preparation for action
  • selection of actions and their corresponding goals
  • evaluation of external world and initiation of voluntary reaction in anticipation of consequences of action
  • inhibition or control of interference
  • processing information about rewards, errors, and other behaviourally significant events
53
Q

What taks do patients with frontal lobe lesions fail?

A

Tower of london, Wisconsin card sorting test

Biological Psychology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions