Emotion

Question 1

Definiton of emotion

Answer 1

A brief complex state of feelings that arise in response to a specific cause to achieve a particular goal

Question 2

What is the Jame-Lange theory?

Answer 2

Emotion occur by:
Stimulus –> Perception –> Physicological Reaction –> Feeling of emotion

Question 3

What contradicts the James-Lange theory?

Answer 3

• Phsyciological changes do not guarantee emotion
• Physiological changes may not proceed emotion
• High arousal is linked to different emotions
• Arosual not needed for emotion

Question 4

What is the Cannon-Bard theory?

Answer 4

Views emotional experience and emotional expression as parallel processes that have no direct casual relation

Question 5

What pathways did Papez suggest provided the connections for cortical of emotional expression?

Answer 5

LImbic system

Question 6

What does Bilaterial lesion of amygdala in human result in?

Answer 6

• No conditioned response (still able to verbally learn the association)
• Fail to recongise facial expression of fear (SP case)
• Fail to experience fear (SM case)

Question 7

What is Skin conductance response (SCR)?

Answer 7

Chnages in electrical conductivitiy on a person’s skin, caused by certain stimuli

Question 8

What did Ivan Pavlov (1849 - 1936) observe in dogs?

Answer 8

Dogs learned to expect food when stimuli that predicted delivery of the food were presented - Pavlovian/classical conditioning

Question 9

What is unconditioned stimulus?

Answer 9

Conditioning is not requried to produce a response

Question 10

What is the conditioned stimulus?

Answer 10

A stimulus that had been conditioned to produce a conditioned response

Question 11

What is fear conditioning?

Answer 11

Esablishment of fear in repsonse to a previously netural stimulus

Question 12

What is the central nucleus important for?

Answer 12

Defensive behaviour

Question 13

What is the Lacteral nucleus important for?

Answer 13

Acquistion, storage and expression of conditioned fear

Question 14

What is the importance of Basolateral nucleus?

Answer 14

Freezing response

Question 15

What does the Anterior CIngulate Cortex do?

Answer 15

• Recieve inputs relating to pain
• Regulate feelings of pain via output connections to the periaqueductal gray

Question 16

What does the Anterior cingulate cortex respond to?

Answer 16

Perception of pain in others aswell as to physcial pain in oneself

Question 17

What did Klüver-Bucy Syndrome (1939) discover?

Answer 17

Monkies with bilateral amygdala lesions

Question 18

What were the symptoms that monkeys that had the Klüver-Bucy Syndrome (1939) displayd?

Answer 18

Consumption of almost anything edible

Increased sexual activity often directed to inappropriate objects

Tendency to repeatedly investigate familiar objects with the mouth

Lack of fear

Question 19

What is the Pop-out effect (Ohman et al., 2001)?

Answer 19

Participants searched for discrepant fear-relevant pictures (snakes or spiders) in grid-pattern arrays of fear-irrelevant pictures

Question 20

What are the results of Pop-out effect (Ohman et al., 2001)?

Answer 20

• Fear-relevant pictures were found more quickly than fear-irrelevant ones
• Participants specifically fearful of snakes but not spiders (or vice versa) showed facilitated search for the feared objects but did not differ from controls in search for nonfeared fear-relevant or fear-irrelevant, targets.

Question 21

What did LeDoux show about Amygdala?

Answer 21

Amygdala is important in mediating the association of auditory and aversive somatic snsory stimuli

Question 22

What did lesions to the medial geniculate nucleus of the thalmaus caus?

Answer 22

Blocked fear conditioning

Question 23

What did lesions to primary aduitory cortex cause?

Answer 23

Nothing. Fear conditioning still occured

Question 24

What does pathways from the amygdala to the periaqueduta gray mediate?

Answer 24

Defensive behaviours

Question 25

What did pathways to the lateral hypothalamus elicit?

Answer 25

Sympathetic responses

Question 26

What is the prefrotnal cortex involved in?

Answer 26

Contextual condiitoning

Act on the amygdala to suppress fear response to conditional stimuli

Question 27

In a social exclusion trial, what were the results that Kross discovered?

Answer 27

• That social rejection “hurts”
• Brain systems has been theorized that underlie social rejection developed by coopting brain circuits that supoort th affective component of phsycial pain
• Social rejection and physcial pain are similar by being distressing na daffects the somatosenory brain systems