Motor Control and Motor Learning

Question 1

MOTOR CONTROL

Answer 1

regulate the mechanisms essential to movement; organize functional movement

Question 2

motor control includes the…

Answer 2

neural, physical, and behavioral aspects of movement

Question 3

3 theorectical models of motor control

Answer 3

hierarchical
motor program
dynamic systems

Question 4

HIERARCHICAL MODEL

Answer 4

• top down

- higher centers of the nervous system control or inhibit actions of the lower centers

Question 5

highest level of control, allowing for volitional movements and higher level coordinated activities like equilibrium

Answer 5

cortex

Question 6

controls righting reactions

Answer 6

midbrain

Question 7

controls primitive reflexes

Answer 7

brainstem and spinal cord

Question 8

babies are born with primarily

Answer 8

brainstem control and their movements are governed by reflexes

Question 9

in a hierarchical model of motor control, damage to the nervous system results in

Answer 9

regression of neural function from cortical control back to the brainstem

Question 10

MOTOR PROGRAM MODEL

Answer 10

• brain like computer
• skill acquisition is based on stimulus and response; afferent and efferent sensory information enters the brain, is processed in the brain, and through trial and error a skill can be learned

Question 11

developmental delay can also result in

Answer 11

cognitive delay

Question 12

SENSORY FEEDBACK CONTROL

Answer 12

the result of movement and concurrent corrections

-requires accurate practice and slower movements

Question 13

EXTRINSIC FEEDBACK

Answer 13

visual, tactile, auditory, or motivational

Question 14

INTRINSIC FEEDBACK

Answer 14

internal sensory information from within the body

proprioception

Question 15

SCHEMA THEORY

Answer 15

abstract memory representation for an automatic movement that does not require feedback
(all possible steps in a movement)

Question 16

memory trace

Answer 16

remembers movement

Question 17

perceptual trace

Answer 17

guides body through movement pattern; what a movement should feel like

Question 18

GENERALIZED MOTOR PROGRAMING

Answer 18

develops over practice and provides basis for generating movement sequences within a class of movements that share the same features
memory structure that provides instructions for movements of a certain type
modifiable and generalizable

Question 19

INVARIANT FEATURES

Answer 19

unmodifiable variables which include the sequence of the motor pattern, the relative timing, and the relative force

Question 20

PARAMETERS

Answer 20

modifiable variables in a generalized motor program

muscles you select, overall duration, overall force

Question 21

DYNAMIC SYSTEMS MODEL

Answer 21

multiple variables establish a context for movement
individual is considered in how they learn and perform a motor skill
individual, task, environment

Question 22

purpose of motor control theories

Answer 22

understand the underlying neural, behavioral, and physical characteristics that impact motor skill acquisition for those who have an injury