Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DPT 7124 > Body Systems of the First Year > Flashcards

Body Systems of the First Year Flashcards

1
Q

sway postural response strategies

A

ankle
hip
stepping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ANKLE STRATEGY

A

small perturbations
foot fully supported

Muscle activity begins distally

  • LOB forward
  • LOB backward
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

HIP STRATEGY

A

large perturbations
foot not fully supported

Muscle activity begins proximally

  • LOB forward
  • LOB backward
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

stepping strategy

A

perturbation too large to recover without protective step

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

postural response strategies depend on

A

Speed of perturbation

Degree of displacement (force)

Developmental stage
-Young children may not use best

4-6 yo: varying strategies

7-10 yo: Consistent ankle strategy, more timely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

BALANCE

A

ability to maintain equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

STABILITY

A

ability to resist movement disruptions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

increase stability

A

Increase base of support
Lower center of gravity
Keep COG within BOS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

↑ stability

A

↑ balance = ↓ mobility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

musculoskeletal system year 1

A

Rapid bone growth & modeling

Factors affecting bone growth:
Genetics
Nutrition
General health status
Hormonal levels
Physical activity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

muscle year 1

A

Growth of skeletal fibers

  • Increase in number of muscle fibers
  • Increase in muscle fiber size
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

postural (spine) alignment year 1

A

Cervical lordosis
-More evident with improved head control

Lumbar lordosis
-More pronounced with sitting and anti-gravity skills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

hip alignment year 1

A

Development of the Femur

Newborns: start in retroversion

Children: more anteversion than adults

Adults: Progress to slight anteversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

angle of inclination

A

Starts out straight then angles with weight bearing
Angle decreases with typical WB
(B) Obesity in childhood → Coxa vara → early onset OA
(C) Decreased WB in childhood → Coxa valga → subluxation/ dislocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

acetabular index

A

More coverage of femoral head

Larger angle indicates ↓ WB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

knee alignment

A

Femur to Tibia relationship:
Genu varum to neutral

Increased walking & W/B:
Progresses to genu valgus

Typical adults:
Slight genu vagus

17
Q

foot alignment

A

Newborn
Calcaneal varus →
slowly progress to neutral

18
Q

sequence of ossification of the tarsal bones

A 
metatarsals and phalanges: 9-12 weeks
calcaneus: 4-7 months
talus: 6 months
cuboid: around birth
lateral cuneiform: during year 1
medial cuneiform: during year 2
intermediate cuneiform: during year 3
navicular: during year 3 after intermediate cuneiform
19
Q

standing 1-2 years old

A 
When a child begins to stand
-Physiologicalflat foot
-With hindfoot valgus 
-Due toflexibilityof thejoints
Increased subcutaneous fat
-Fat pad
Pediatric feet 
-Generally flexible 
-Hypermobile
20
Q

feet 3-5 years

A

3 yo: Navicular ossification
3 – 4 yo:
Flexibility decreases
Subcutaneous fatdecreases
Medial longitudinal arch begins to form
4 – 5 yo : Longitudinal arch = adult-like shape
it is normal for young children to have flat feet

21
Q

nervous system year 1

A

Brain Growth

  • At birth, 25% of its adult -weight
  • At one year, 60% of its adult weight

Critical brain growth
-Between 3 months & 2 years of age

Early brain growth coincides:

  • Cognitive development
  • Language development
22
Q

myelination year 1

A

Myelination of CNS

  • Continues into young adulthood
  • Slows considerably after 2 yo

Myelination of PNS

  • Mostly complete at birth
  • Immediate access to environmental sensory info
23
Q

cardiovascular system year 1

A

Heart size increases

Mature muscle fibers contract with more force

Heart muscle vascularization increases

Arteries & veins increase in size

24
Q

respiratory system year 1

A

At birth: fraction of total alveoli present
New alveoli develop until 8-10 yo

Airways increase in length & diameter

Bronchioles & alveoli become stronger/more efficient

Newborns: highest respiratory rates

Infants & young children
Higher energy cost of respiration than adults
Less efficient coordination of respiratory muscles

25
Q

respiratory system infants and young children

A

Barrel chest with flared ribs

Abdominals are weaker

Less resistance to pull of diaphragm

Increased risk of infection & atelectasis

26
Q

hallmark motor milestones

A 
4-6 mo: Rolls prone to supine
4-6 mo: Rolls supine to prone
6-7 mo: Sits alone
8-10 mo: Creeps on hands & knees
12 mo: Walks alone
27
Q

cephalocaudal development

A

First quarter of first year of life
Control of head in all positions in space

Second quarter of first year of life
Control of arms and upper trunk

Third quarter of first year of life
Control of lower trunk and pelvis in the upright position

Fourth quarter of first year of life
Control and mobility of the lower parts of the legs in upright stance

28
Q

functional head control

A

Birth
Vertical head position only sustainable for 1-2 sec.
Can turn head to clear airway

3 months
Synergistic control of neck flexors and extensors
Stable vertical head position
Able to turn head freely

4 months
Organized eye-head-hand control seen in prone
Lack of/decreased head control

29
Q

upright trunk control

A 
4 months
Prone
Extending the head and trunk
Legs and pelvis are load-bearing
Caudal weight shift

6 months
Independent sitting with object manipulation achieved

30
Q

lower trunk control in the upright position

A

Control of lower trunk and pelvis allows for:
7 mo. – Crawling & creeping
8 mo – Pulling to stand
8 mo – Moving in and out of quadruped and sitting

Freedom from midline symmetry
Rotational abilities

31
Q

fine lower extremity control

A

Control of trunk and pelvis
Reciprocal lower extremity movement

8-9 mo – Creeping
9-11 mo – Supported walking
11 – 15 mo – Independent walking

32
Q

developmental sequence

A

Follows predictable sequence/pattern

Universality
Predictable patterns

Variability
Individual differences
Cultural

e.g. Establishing PT plan of care

DPT 7124 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions