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Systems 2 - The Nervous System > Motor Control > Flashcards

Motor Control Flashcards

1
Q

What hierarchical levels are shown in control of the motor system?

A

High, middle, low

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2
Q

What is high level motor control?

A

Strategic (premotor)

Structures: association neocortex and basal ganglia

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3
Q

What is middle level motor control?

A

Tactical (motor)

Structures: motor cortex and cerebellum

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4
Q

What is low level motor control?

A

Execution

Structures: brainstem and spinal cord

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5
Q

What do lateral pathways control?

A

Voluntary movements

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6
Q

What tract is the most important lateral pathway?

A

Corticospinal tract (CST)

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7
Q

What tract is the second most important lateral pathway?

A

Rubrospinal Tract (RST)

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8
Q

Where does the majority of the CST originate?

A

Area 4 (Primary Motor Cortex)

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9
Q

Where do CST axons synapse and why?

A

Ventral horns with motor and interneurones to elicit control over them

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10
Q

Where is the origin of the RST?

A

Red nucleus of the midbrain

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11
Q

Where does the RST input?

A

Same as the CST

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12
Q

What do ventromedial pathways control?

A

Posture and locomotion

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13
Q

What tracts comprise the ventromedial pathways?

A
  1. Vestibulospinal tract
  2. Tectospinal tract
  3. Pontine and medullary reticulospinal tracts
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14
Q

What is Brodmann area 4?

A

Primary Motor Cortex

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15
Q

What is Brodmann area 6?

A

Divides into

PMA - premotor area
SMA - supplementary motor area

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16
Q

What is the function of the premotor area?

A

Connects reticulospinal neurones innervating proximal motor units

17
Q

What is the function of the supplementary motor area?

A

Innervates distal motor units directly

18
Q

What is the function of the vestibulospinal tract?

A

Stabilises the head and neck

19
Q

What is the function of the tectospinal tract?

A

Ensures the eyes remain stable as the body moves

20
Q

What is the function of the pontine and medullary reticulospinal tracts?

A

Reflexively maintains posture

21
Q

What deficit would occur if a lesion effected the CST and RST?

A

Loss of fine movement and inability to move upper libs independently

22
Q

What deficit would occur if a lesion only affected the CST?

A

Deficit would be short lived as RST takes over

23
Q

What process occurs to orientate the body?

A
  1. Posterior parietal cortex (area 7) - produces a mental image of the body
  2. Prefrontal and parietal cortex decides what action to be taken
  3. Area 6 interprets intention into an impulse
  4. Impulses generated to muscles
24
Q

What are PMA mirror neurones?

A

Fire when others perform an action - prepares the body to do likewise

25
Q

How do anticipatory feedforward mechanism work?

A

A change in body position is initiates rapid compensatory feedback messages from brainstem vestibular nuclei to spinal cord motor neurones

Systems 2 - The Nervous System (14 decks)

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