Cerebral Hemispheres Flashcards
What are the lobes in the cerebrum?
Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal
What are the sulci in the cerebral hemispheres called?
Central sulcus
Lateral sulcus
What is Brodmann areas?
Cortical mapping of cortex in 52 areas
What is area 4?
Precentral gyrus in frontal lobe: primary motor cortex
Represents contralateral half of body
What are areas 44 and 45?
Inferior frontal gyrus in frontal lobe
Broca’s area of motor speech: production of speech
What is the function of prefrontal cortex?
cognitive functions of higher order: intellect, judgement, prediction, planning
What are areas 1, 2 + 3?
What is the function?
Post-central gyrus in parietal lobe
Primary sensory area
Receives sensation from contralateral half of body
What is the function of superior parietal lobe?
Interprets general sensory info + awareness of contralateral half of body
What is the function of inferior parietal lobe?
In dominant hemisphere - language
Interprets visual + auditory associations
What abnormalities can occur due to parietal lobe lesion?
Hemisensory neglect
Right-left agnosia
Acalculi
Agraphia
What is hemisensory neglect?
Neglect to one side of vision (unable to process stimuli)
What is Right-left agnosia?
Inability to interpret sensation
What is acalculi?
Loss of simple maths ability
What is agraphia?
Loss of writing ability
What are areas 41 + 42?
Superior Temporal gyrus- primary auditory cortex
What is Wernicke’s area?
In dominant hemisphere of temporal lobe - responsible for understanding speech
What are the functions of the temporal lobe?
Primary auditory cortex
Understanding speech
Forming new memories
What is the clinical significance of damage to the temporal lobe?
-In dominant lobe - Wernicke’s (receptive) aphasia: can’t understand speech, can speak fluently but isn’t aware of mistakes
- Impaired memory
- Visual agnosia: difficulty identifying familiar objects
- Temporal lobe epilepsy
What is area 17 (occipital lobe)?
Primary visual cortex
What are the functions of area 18 + 19 (occipital lobe)?
visual association cortex, concerned with interpretation of visual images
What structures form the limbic lobe?
What is the function of the limbic lobe?
Cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus and the amygdala
Memory and emotional aspects of behaviour
What is Broca’s aphasia?
Damage to frontal lobe
Understands speech, Difficulty forming speech (misses words - aware of difficulties)
