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life span and motor > motor control > Flashcards

motor control Flashcards

1
Q

what does motor behavior include

A

motor control
motor learning
motor development

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2
Q

what is motor control

A

a process of grading initiating and directing purposefully voluntary movement

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3
Q

what is the field of motor control directed at

A

nature of the environment
how movement is controlled

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4
Q

why studying motor control

A

improve mvmnt capabilities
improve motor performance
generating and building theory

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5
Q

how does motor control works

A

it identifies the task
plan according to CNS
sensory feedback is supplied

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6
Q

how movements emerge

A

it emerges from combination of TIE
Task
Individual
Environment

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7
Q

what does task include

A

it includes
stability
mobility
manipulation

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8
Q

what does individual include

A

action
perception
cognition

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9
Q

what does environment include

A

regulatory and non-regulatory

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10
Q

what are the theories of motor control

A

reflex theory
hierarchical theory
motor programing theory
dynamic systems theory
ecological theory

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11
Q

what does reflex theory says

A

complex behavior is controlled by series of chained reflexes
reflexes are combined into action that makes behavior
by Charles Sherrington

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12
Q

what is basic structure of reflex called

A

reflex arc

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13
Q

the reflex system includes

A

stimulus
receptors
sensory neurons
interneuron
motor neuron
effector
response

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14
Q

what is important in initiating movement

A

sensory input

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15
Q

uses sensory input to control motor output
stimulate good reflexes
inhibit undesirable reflexes
relay heavily on feedback

A

reflex theory

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16
Q

what are the limitations of reflex theory

A

unable to explain
spontaneous and voluntary movements
it is modulated
movement can occur without stimulus

17
Q

hierarchical theory

A

by JH Jackson
movement is controlled by system consisting of three levels
higher controls lower
voluntary initiated by will aka higher level
reflexes are part of hierarchical but higher level tends to inhibit them
motor control emerges from reflexes

18
Q

which emerges first between brainstem reflexes and midbrain reflexes

A

brainstem reflexes which associate with head controls
after that midbrain which associate with trunk control

19
Q

what is the current concept related to hierarchical theory

A

each level can act on other
reflexes are one of many process of motor controls

20
Q

identifies and present primitive reflexes
reduce hyperactive stretch
facilitates movements patterns
normalize tone
developmental sequence

A

hierarchical theory

21
Q

what are the limitations of hierarchical theory

A

cannot explain dominance of reflex behavior in certain situations in normal adults
everone developmental pattern is different

22
Q

movement is possible even in the absence of stimuli or sensory input and it is more flexible than the concept of reflex

A

motor programming theory

23
Q

spinal networks capable of generating bilateral rhythmic movement such as swimming and walking

A

central pattern generator CPGs

24
Q

abnormal movement
helps patients relearn the correct actions
retrain movement important to functional task
do not just reeducate muscles in isolation

A

motor programming theory

25
Q

what are the limitations of motor programming

A

does not consider that nervous system must deal with both musculoskeletal and environment variables to produce movements

26
Q

what does dynamic system theory talk about

A

movement emerges to control degree of freedom
functional synergies are developed naturally through practice and experience
Bernstein characteristics of acting system internal and external forces

27
Q

what is the external force and what is the internal force

A

internal force = inertia and force from motion
external forces = gravity

28
Q

what are the limitations of dynamic system theory

A

nervous system plays an important role

29
Q

what does ecological behavior concern about

A

the person, the task and the environment interact to influence motor control and learning

30
Q

what is ecological behavior theory limited to

A

little emphasis on the organization and function of nervous system

life span and motor (10 decks)

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