MOTIVATION THEORIES Flashcards
Types of motivation
- Instrinsic
- Extrinsic
Instrinsic Motivation
Motivation that comes from the satisfaction of carrying out a specific activity. No external reward is required.
Extrinsic Motivation
Motivation that comes from external factors. In a business context, it’s typically money.
Taylor’s Scientific Management
It analyzes and synthesizes workflows.Scientific methods should be used to identify the most efficient ways to improve methods.
Steps of scientific management
1- Observe task carried out
2- Split them into separate processes
3- Time how long each task takes
4- Train employees and specialize
5- Paywell to counteract monotonous job
Advantages of Scientific Management
- Increases efficiency and labor productivty
- Works well for money driven people
- Works for low paid + low qualified labor
Disadvantages of Scientific Management
- Treats workers like machines
- Deskilling
- Demotivating
- Heavy Supervision
Maslow’s Hierrarchy of Needs Pyramid
- Needs at the bottom are the basic nes, they are concerned with survival
- The rest are growth needs
- Once a level is satisfied, the worker moves to the next level
- A few manage to reach the top
Frederick Herzberg - Two Factor Theory
It’s a two factor theory of motivation based on hygene needs and motivational needs. Once hygene needs are satified, motivation needs can make you feel motivated.
Hygene Needs
Frederick Herzberg
Those factors that provide dissatisfaction at work if they are not attended to. They are satisfactory, help you get started but don’t lead to motivation.
Hygene needs examples
- Work Conditions
- Safety
- Security
- Company car
- Salary
Motivational Needs
Things that get you working because you get some intrinsic reward from them.
Examples of motivational needs
- Responsibility
- Achievements
- Recognition
- Advancement
- Work itself
McCelland’s acquired needs theory
States that employees have three needs: Achievement, Affiliation and Power. These affect Motivation.
Achievement
Motivates some employees. They want to work somewhere where success is determined by hard work.
Affiliation
The creation and maintenance of social relationships motivate employees. These employees like to be part of a group and care about what others think.
Power
Power motivates some employees. They want to encourage and motivate others. They think in terms of winning or losing. They focus on gaining power.
Self Determination Theory
There are two types of motivation: Autonomous and Controlled.
In addition, they said that humans have three sets of needs that relate to motivation: competence, relatedness and autonomy. When the three needs are met, employees’ sense of autonomous motivation will increase.
Autonomous Motivation
Individual has full sense of volition and choice in what they are doing.
Controlled Motivation
Individual is doing something in order to get a reward or avoid punsihment.
Competence
When individuals feel competent in a particular domain, they get self-satisfaction . They develop confidence to take on new challenges.
Relatedness
Employees need to feel connected to others. Managers can foster it through encouraging collaboration and team spirit.
Autonomy
Employees feel b etter when they have a sense of control.
Equity Theory - John Adams
Motivation = Outputs > Inputs
Employees will be motivated when they percieve a balance between ther inputs into the business and the output from it.
Motivation is based upon perception of fairness.
Examples of inputs
Dedication, Skill, Ability, Adaptability
Examples of outputs
Reward, Responsibility, Job security, Fringe benefits
