Motivation, Emotion, and Stress Flashcards
What is motivation?
purpose, or driving force, behind our actions
Extrinsic motivation
include rewards for showing a desired behavior or avoiding punishment if the desired behavior is not achieved
Intrinsic motivation
comes from within
What are instincts?
innate, fixed patterns of behavior in response to stimuli
What is instinct theory?
people are driven to do certain behaviors based on evolutionarily programmed instincts
What is arousal?
the psychological and physiological state of being awake and reactive to stimuli
What is arousal theory?
states that people perform actions in order to maintain an optical level of arousal: somewhere in the middle
What is the Yerkes-Dawson law?
U-shaped function between level of arousal and performance; performance is worst at high and low levels of arousal
What are drives?
defined as internal states of tension that activate particular behaviors focused on goals
What are primary drives?
including the need for food, water, and warmth, motivate us to sustain bodily processes in homeostasis
What is homeostasis?
the regulation of the internal environment to maintain an optimal, stable set of conditions
What are secondary drives?
additional drives that are not directly related to biological processes
What is drive reduction theory?
explains that motivation is based on the goal of eliminating uncomfortable states
What are needs?
motivators that influence human behavior
What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization