Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Behavioral Sciences > Identity and Personality > Flashcards

Identity and Personality Flashcards

1
Q

What is self-schema?

A

self-given label that carries with it a set of qualities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is identity?

A

the individual components of our self-concept related to the groups to which we belong `

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is gender identity?

A

a person’s appraisal of him - or herself on scales of masculinity and femininity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is androgyny?

A

defined as the state of being simultaneously very masculine and very feminine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is undifferentiated?

A

scoring low on both scales of masculinity and femininity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is gender schema?

A

key components of gender identity are transmitted through cultural and societal means

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is ethnic identity?

A

refers to one’s ethnic group - in which members typically share a common ancestry, cultural heritage, and language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is nationality?

A

identity based on political borders - result of shared history, media, cuisine and national symbols such as a country’s flag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is hierarchy of salience?

A

we let the situation dictate which identity holds the most importance for us at any given moment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is self-discrepancy theory?

A

maintains that each of us have three selves
Actual Self - the way we see ourselves currently
Ideal Self - the person we would like to be
Ought Self - our representation of the way others think we should be

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is self-efficacy?

A

our belief in our ability to succeed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is learned helplessness?

A

suffers from a sense of powerlessness after being placed in consistently hopeless scenarios

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is locus of control?

A

refers to the way we characterize the influences in our lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is fixation?

A

occurs when a child is overindulged or overly frustrated during a stage of development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Freud’s first stage?

A

Oral Stage: 0 to 1 year

Gratification is obtained primarily through putting objects into the mouth, biting and sucking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Freud’s second stage?

A

Anal Stage: 1 to 3 years

Gratification is gained through the elimination and retention of waste materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Freud’s third stage?

A

Phallic/Oedipal Stage: 3 to 5 years
Child envies same sex parent for parents relationship and fears castration. To deal they identify with that parent, establish sexual identity and internalize moral values

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Freud’s fourth stage?

A

Genital Stage: puberty to adulthood

child will enter into healthy heterosexual relationships at this point if the previous stages have been satisfied

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Erikson’s first stage?

A

Trust vs Mistrust: 0 to 1 year

Trust his environment/himself or remain suspicious of the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is Erikson’s second stage?

A

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt: 1 to 3 years
The feeling of being able to exert control over the world and to exercise choice or have a sense of doubt and persistent external locus of control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is Erikson’s third stage?

A

Initiative vs Guilt: 3 to 6 years
Sense of purpose, ability to initiate activities and enjoy accomplishment and enjoy accomplishment or fears punishment too much to do anything or overcompendates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is Erikson’s fourth stage?

A

Industry vs Inferiority: 6 to 12 years
Feels competent, able to exercise his abilities and intelligence vs sense of inadequacy, inability to act in a competent manner and low self esteem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is Erikson’s fifth stage?

A

Identity vs Role Confusion: 12 to 20 years
Fidelity, ability to see oneself as a unique and integrated person with sustained loyalties vs amorphous personality that shifts from day to day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is Eriksons’ sixth stage?

A

Intimacy vs Isolation: 20 to 40 years
Love, ability to have intimate relationships, commit to others and goals vs avoidance of commitment, alienation and distancing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is Erikson’s seventh stage?

A

Generativity vs Stagnation: 40 to 65 years

Capable of being a productive, caring and contributing member of society or self-indulgence, bored and self-centered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is Erikson’s eighth stage?

A

Integrity vs Despair: over 65 years
Wisdom, assurance in the meaning of life, dignity and acceptance of a life lived well or bitterness about one’s life, worthlessness and fear of death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is Kohlberg’s first phase?

A

Preconventional morality: preadolescent
Stage 1: Obedience - avoiding punishment
Stage 2: Self-interest - gaining rewards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is Kohlberg’s second phase?

A

Conventional morality: early adolescence
Stage 3: Conformity - person seeks approval of others
Stage 4: Law and Order - maintains the social order in the highest regard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is Kohlberg’s third phase?

A

Postconventional morality: adulthood
Stage 5: Social Contract - moral rules as conventions that are designed to ensure greater good
Stage 6: Universal Human Ethics - reasons that decisions should be made in consideration of abstract principles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is zone of proximal development?

A

skills and abilities that have not been fully developed but are in the process of development

31
Q

What is the theory of mind?

A

ability to sense how another’s mind works

32
Q

What is personality?

A

describes a set of thoughts, feelings, traits and behaviors that are characteristic of an individual across time and different locations

33
Q

What is the psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theory of personality?

A

assumption of unconscious internal states that motivate the overt actions of individuals and determine personality

34
Q

What is the id?

A

consists of all basic, primal, inborn urges to survive and reproduce and conforms to the pleasure principle

35
Q

What is the pleasure principle?

A

which the aim is to achieve immediate gratification to relieve any pent-up tension

36
Q

What is the primary process?

A

the id’s response to frustration; obtain it now, not later

37
Q

What is wish fulfillment?

A

mental imagery that fulfills this need for satisfaction immediately (daydreaming)

38
Q

What is the ego?

A

acts as a mediator between the superego and id

39
Q

What is the reality principle?

A

taking into account objective reality as it guides or inhibits the activity of the id and the id’s pleasure principle aka the secondary process

40
Q

What is the superego?

A

personality’s perfectionist, judging our actions and responding with pride at our accomplishments and guilt at our failures

41
Q

What is the conscience?

A

a collection of the improper actions for which a child is punished

42
Q

What is the ego-ideal?

A

consists of the proper actions for which a child is rewarded

43
Q

What is an instinct to Freud?

A

innate psychological representation of a biological need

44
Q

What are defense mechanism?

A

unconscious ways of distorting reality in order to relieve anxiety

45
Q

What is repression?

A

the ego’s way of forcing undesired thoughts and urges to the unconscious and underlies many other defense mechanism s

46
Q

What is supression?

A

a more deliberate, conscious form of forgetting

47
Q

What is regression?

A

reversion to an earlier developmental state

48
Q

What is reaction formation?

A

when individual suppress urges by unconsciously converting them into their exact opposites

49
Q

What is projection?

A

the defense mechanism by which individuals attribute their undesired feelings to others

50
Q

What is rationalization?

A

the justification of behaviors in a manner that is acceptable to the self and society

51
Q

What is displacement?

A

the transference of an undesired urge from one person or object to another

52
Q

What is sublimation?

A

the transformation of unacceptable urges into socially acceptable behaviors

53
Q

What is the collective unconscious?

A

a powerful system that is shared among all humans and considered to be a residue of the experiences of our early ancestors

54
Q

What is the persona?

A

a mask that we wear in public and is part of our personality that we present to the world

55
Q

What is anima?

A

feminine qualities in men

56
Q

What is animus?

A

masculine qualities in women

57
Q

What is the shadow archetype?

A

responsible for the appearance of unpleasant and socially reprehensible thoughts, feelings, and actions in our consciousness

58
Q

What is the self to Jung?

A

point of intersection between the collective unconscious, the personal unconscious, and conscious mind

59
Q

What is the inferiority complex?

A

an individual’s sense of incompleteness, imperfection, and inferiority both physically and socially

60
Q

What was Alfred Adler’s theory based on?

A

focused on the immediate social imperatives of family and society and their effects on unconscious factors

61
Q

What is the creative self?

A

the force by which each individual shapes his uniqueness and establishes his personality

62
Q

What is style of life?

A

represents the manifestation of the creative self and describes a person’s unique way of achieving superiority

63
Q

What is fictional finalism?

A

the notion that an individual is motivated more by his expectations of the future than by past experiences

64
Q

Contract Freud, Adler and Jung theories

A

Freud - assumption is that behavior is motivated by inborn instincts
Jung - principle axiom is that a person’s conduct is governed by inborn archetypes
Adler - assumes that people are primarily motivated by striving for superiority

65
Q

What is neurotic needs?

A

needs that are directed towards making life and interactions bearable

66
Q

What is Gestalt therapy?

A

practitioners tend to take a holistic view of the self

67
Q

What are peak experiences?

A

profound and deeply moving experiences in a persons’s life that have important and lasting effects on the individual

68
Q

What is person/client/nondirective theory?

A

reflecting on the persons problems, choices and generate solutions, take positive action and make their own destiny

69
Q

What is unconditional positive regard?

A

a technique by which the therapist accepts the client completely and expresses empathy in order to promote a positive therapeutic environment

70
Q

What are cardinal traits?

A

traits around which a person organizes his or her life

71
Q

What are central traits?

A

major characteristics of a personality that are easy to infer

72
Q

What are secondary traits?

A

other personal characteristics that are more limited in occurrence

73
Q

What is functional autonomy?

A

a behavior continues despite satisfaction of the drive that originally crate the behavior

Behavioral Sciences (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions