MOTIVATION BEHAVIOURAL NEEDS AND ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOUR Flashcards
What is motivation
Describes two characteristics of behviour cation selection (inhibition, switching_ and behavioural vigor
What are the fundamental questions about behaviour
What determines the level of motivation to initiate behavioural sequences
What determines the level of vigour by which behaviour is performed
Why do behaviours stop?
Why are behaviours performed at different levels of vigor motivation
What determines levels of motivation to perform/vigour for behaviour sequences
Internal - phsyiology, external conditons
These vary in an integrated way (hormones, circadian) thus the motivation to perform the behaviour varies e.g. hens dust bathing
What are the research implications of diurnal effects
Problems with diurnal rythm that it creates variation between its highest and lowest peaking
Why do behaviours stop and why the continue
Negative consequence
Motivational competition
Positive feedback
What are goal directed behaviours - appetitive and consummatory phases
These behaviours that have a distinct and appetitive and consummatory phase
What does the Hughes and Duncan model of motivation say?
That dependent organisms variables such as blood glucose, the animal becomes motivated to attain a goal associated with adaptive and homeostatic porocesses. It then enters into the appetitive phase of the goal directed behaviour. Once the required appetitive behaviour give access to the consummatory phase there are a number of negative feedback mechanisms primarily to do with functional consequence of having obtained the goal that attenuate the associated motivation
What are the examples of feedback effects
Analysed 20-30 mini bouts of mice eating meals
Deprived mice for 24 hours - effect of deprivation
During early meal mini bouts initially increase in length and occured more closely together - positive feedback
What does the study about cooper and mason 2000 say
Milk were offered different enrichments
The costs fo reaching each where increased by weighting the doors to access them
Increased costs resulted in two main changes of behaviour
The animals switched between enrichments less often
Conclusion - when the costs of switching is higher motivation must exist before the animal will pay the cost of switching
What is the Lorenz psychohydraulic model
Internal build up based on lack of performance and external - to produce behavioural threshold
Behaviours are always performed at high intensity
Doesn’t explain all behaviours e.g. aggression
Doesn’t count for positive feedback and hysterisis
What is the current model of motivation
Motivation stems from computed reward level of the substrate - negative or positive
Walking and liking are linked
What is incentive salience
Wanting and liking linked - but can become uncoupled
Affected by internal (physiology and external (temperature, light, conditioned cues) factors.
The thought of water (wanting) and the reward of water (liking) is increased when dehydrated
What is the Nuerochemistry of motivation
Dopamine activity of the mesoaccumbens if the brain
Where is the messoaccumbent pathway
Messoacumbent pathway goes from VTA to the nucleus accumbens
Is the mesoaccumbens dopaminergic
Yes, Has nuerons talking to other nuerones releasing chemicals into synapses - the chemical is dopamine
