Motivation and Emotion Vocab Flashcards
motivation
a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
instinct
a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned
physiological need
the needs for food and water
drive-reduction theory
the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need and restore homeostasis
homeostasis
a sense of balance within the body (regulated temp, etc.)
incentive
positive or negative environmental stimuli that lure or repel us
Yerkes-Dodson law
moderate arousal leads to optimal performance. optimal arousal occurs between bored low arousal and anxious hyper-arousal lies a flourishing life
hierarchy of needs
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs begins at the based with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher level safety needs and then psychological needs are addressed
set point
the point (weight) at which your weight thermostat may be set (fixed)
basal metabolic rate
the resting rate of energy expenditure for maintaining basic body functions
obesity
being overweight asf
sexual response cycle
the four stages of sexual responding: excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution
affiliation need
the need to build relationships and to feel part of a group
ostracism
a deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups
narcissism
a personality trait in which people feel self-important, self-focused and self-promoting
achievement motivation
a desire for significant accomplishment, for mastery of skills or ideas, for control, and for attaining a high standard
grit
passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals
emotion
a response of the whole organism involving physiological arousal, expressive behaviors and conscious experience
James-Lange theory
the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to an emotion-arousing experience
Cannon-Bard theory
the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously trigger a physiological response and the subjective experience of emotion
two-factor theory
our physical reactions and our thoughts (perceptions, memories and interpretations) together create emotion
facial feedback effect
the tendency of facial muscle’s states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger or happiness
behavior feedback effect
the tendency of behavior to influence our own and others’ thoughts, feelings and actions
stress
the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
a three stage process that describes the physiological changes the body goes through when under stress
step 1: alarm reaction occurs as the sympathetic nervous system activates. heart rate zooms, fight or flight kicks in
step 2: higher temperature, blood pressure and respiration. adrenal glands pump hormones into bloodstream
step 3: with exhaustion, the body becomes more vulnerable to illness or could even collapse and die
tend-and-befriend response
when presented with a threat, we tend to protect our young and congregate in groups for protection (befriend)
health psychology
a sub-field of psychology that provides psychology’s contribution to behavioral medicine
Type A personality
the most reactive, competitive, hard-driving, impatient, time-conscious, motivated, verbally aggressive and easily angered people
type b personality
easygoing and relaxed people
mindfulness meditation
a reflective practice in which people attend to current experiences in a nonjudgmental and accepting manner
feel-good do-good phenomena
you are more likely to help others when you’re already in a good mood
positive psychology
proposed the scientific study of human flourishing, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive
adaptation-level phenomenon
our tendency to form judgments (of sound, lights, income) relative to a neutral level defined by our our prior experience
relative deprivation
the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself
abraham maslow
came up with the hierarchy of needs, which are physiological, safety, belongingness and love, esteem, self-actualization, self-transcendence
alfred kinsey
Kinsey became the founding director of the new Institute for Sex Reseach (ISR), which published Sexual Behavior in the Human Male in 1948 and the complementary work, Sexual Behavior in the Human Female ,in 1953.
william masters
theory of a four-stage model of sexual response (also known as, the human sexual response cycle) and their study of sexual response among the elderly.
virginia johnson
theory of a four-stage model of sexual response (also known as, the human sexual response cycle) and their study of sexual response among the elderly.
william james
james-lange theory, which says our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to an emotion-arousing stimulus.
walter cannon
cannon-bard theory, which says that an emotion-arousing experience simultaneously triggers physiological responses and the subjective experience of emotion
stanley shachter
schachter-singer two factory theory of emotion, which says our physical reactions and our thoughts (perceptions, memories and interpretations) together create emotion
richard lazarus
lazarus theory of emotion, which states that a thought must come before any emotion or physiological arousal
paul ekman
discovered that some facial expressions of emotion are universal
hans selye
Selye was the first scientist to identify ‘stress’ as underpinning the nonspecific signs and symptoms of illness.
martin seligman
proposed the scientific study of human flourishing, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive
