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AP Psychology > Motivation and Emotion Vocab > Flashcards

Motivation and Emotion Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

motivation

A

a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

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2
Q

instinct

A

a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned

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3
Q

physiological need

A

the needs for food and water

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4
Q

drive-reduction theory

A

the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need and restore homeostasis

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5
Q

homeostasis

A

a sense of balance within the body (regulated temp, etc.)

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6
Q

incentive

A

positive or negative environmental stimuli that lure or repel us

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7
Q

Yerkes-Dodson law

A

moderate arousal leads to optimal performance. optimal arousal occurs between bored low arousal and anxious hyper-arousal lies a flourishing life

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8
Q

hierarchy of needs

A

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs begins at the based with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher level safety needs and then psychological needs are addressed

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9
Q

set point

A

the point (weight) at which your weight thermostat may be set (fixed)

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10
Q

basal metabolic rate

A

the resting rate of energy expenditure for maintaining basic body functions

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11
Q

obesity

A

being overweight asf

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12
Q

sexual response cycle

A

the four stages of sexual responding: excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution

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13
Q

affiliation need

A

the need to build relationships and to feel part of a group

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14
Q

ostracism

A

a deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups

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15
Q

narcissism

A

a personality trait in which people feel self-important, self-focused and self-promoting

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16
Q

achievement motivation

A

a desire for significant accomplishment, for mastery of skills or ideas, for control, and for attaining a high standard

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17
Q

grit

A

passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals

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18
Q

emotion

A

a response of the whole organism involving physiological arousal, expressive behaviors and conscious experience

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19
Q

James-Lange theory

A

the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to an emotion-arousing experience

20
Q

Cannon-Bard theory

A

the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously trigger a physiological response and the subjective experience of emotion

21
Q

two-factor theory

A

our physical reactions and our thoughts (perceptions, memories and interpretations) together create emotion

22
Q

facial feedback effect

A

the tendency of facial muscle’s states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger or happiness

23
Q

behavior feedback effect

A

the tendency of behavior to influence our own and others’ thoughts, feelings and actions

24
Q

stress

A

the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging

25
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
a three stage process that describes the physiological changes the body goes through when under stress step 1: alarm reaction occurs as the sympathetic nervous system activates. heart rate zooms, fight or flight kicks in step 2: higher temperature, blood pressure and respiration. adrenal glands pump hormones into bloodstream step 3: with exhaustion, the body becomes more vulnerable to illness or could even collapse and die
26
tend-and-befriend response
when presented with a threat, we tend to protect our young and congregate in groups for protection (befriend)
27
health psychology
a sub-field of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine
28
Type A personality
the most reactive, competitive, hard-driving, impatient, time-conscious, motivated, verbally aggressive and easily angered people
29
type b personality
easygoing and relaxed people
30
mindfulness meditation
a reflective practice in which people attend to current experiences in a nonjudgmental and accepting manner
31
feel-good do-good phenomena
you are more likely to help others when you're already in a good mood
32
positive psychology
proposed the scientific study of human flourishing, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive
33
adaptation-level phenomenon
our tendency to form judgments (of sound, lights, income) relative to a neutral level defined by our our prior experience
34
relative deprivation
the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself
35
abraham maslow
came up with the hierarchy of needs, which are physiological, safety, belongingness and love, esteem, self-actualization, self-transcendence
36
alfred kinsey
Kinsey became the founding director of the new Institute for Sex Reseach (ISR), which published Sexual Behavior in the Human Male in 1948 and the complementary work, Sexual Behavior in the Human Female ,in 1953.
37
william masters
theory of a four-stage model of sexual response (also known as, the human sexual response cycle) and their study of sexual response among the elderly.
38
virginia johnson
theory of a four-stage model of sexual response (also known as, the human sexual response cycle) and their study of sexual response among the elderly.
39
william james
james-lange theory, which says our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to an emotion-arousing stimulus.
40
walter cannon
cannon-bard theory, which says that an emotion-arousing experience simultaneously triggers physiological responses and the subjective experience of emotion
41
stanley shachter
schachter-singer two factory theory of emotion, which says our physical reactions and our thoughts (perceptions, memories and interpretations) together create emotion
42
richard lazarus
lazarus theory of emotion, which states that a thought must come before any emotion or physiological arousal
43
paul ekman
discovered that some facial expressions of emotion are universal
44
hans selye
Selye was the first scientist to identify 'stress' as underpinning the nonspecific signs and symptoms of illness.
45
martin seligman
proposed the scientific study of human flourishing, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive

AP Psychology (11 decks)

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