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AP Psychology > Clinical Psych Vocab > Flashcards

Clinical Psych Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

psychological disorder

A

a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation or behavior

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2
Q

medical model

A

the concept that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated and in most cases, cured

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3
Q

epigenetics

A

the study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself.

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4
Q

DSM-5

A

manual that psychologists used to describe psychological disorders

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5
Q

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A

symptoms include inattention, distractibility, hyperactivity and impulsivity

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6
Q

anxiety disorders

A

psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

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7
Q

social anxiety disorder

A

intense fear and avoidance of social situations

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8
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

an anxiety disorders in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

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9
Q

panic disorder

A

an anxiety disorders marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread-panic attacks in which a person may experience terror and accompanying chest pain, choking or other frightening sensations

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10
Q

phobia

A

an anxiety disorders marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity or situation

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11
Q

OCD

A

a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) actions or both

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12
Q

PTSD

A

a disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, hypervigilance, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more following a traumatic experience

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13
Q

major depressive disorder

A

a state of hopelessness and lethargy lasting several weeks or months

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14
Q

bipolar disorder

A

a disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania

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15
Q

mania

A

an euphoric, overly talkative, wildly energetic and extremely optimistic state

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16
Q

rumination

A

constantly overthinking things

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17
Q

schizophrenia

A

a disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and diminished, inappropriate emotional expression

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18
Q

psychotic disorders

A
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19
Q

hallucination

A

false sensory experiences, or perceptions, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

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20
Q

delusion

A

a false belief, often of persecution of grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders

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21
Q

chronic schizophrenia

A

form of schizophrenia in which symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood

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22
Q

acute schizophrenia

A

form of schizophrenia that can begin at any age; frequently occurs in response to a traumatic event

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23
Q

somatic symptom disorder

A

a group of psychological disorders in which a patient experiences physical symptoms that are inconsistent with or can’t be explained by any underlying general medical or neurological condition

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24
Q

conversion disorder

A

a disorder in which a person experiences a very specific physical symptom that isn’t compatible with recognized medical or neurological conditions

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25
Q

illness anxiety disorder

A

a disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease

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26
Q

dissociative disorders

A

rare disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated(disassociation) from previous memories, thoughts and feelings

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27
Q

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

A

a rare dissociative disorders in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities

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28
Q

personality disorders

A

inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

29
Q

antisocial personality disorder

A

a personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing

30
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

when you don’t eat at all

31
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

eat too much and purge

32
Q

binge-eating disorder

A

a feeding and eating disorder characterized by significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust or guilt, but without the compensatory behavior that marks bulimia nervosa

33
Q

psychotherapy

A

treatment involving psychological techniques. consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth

34
Q

biomedical therapy

A

prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person’s physiology

35
Q

eclectic approach

A

an approach to psychotherapy that uses techniques from various forms of therapy

36
Q

psychoanalysis

A

Freud believed the patient’s free associations, resistances, dreams and transference - and the therapist’s interpretations of them - released previously repressed feelings, allowing thee patient to gain self-insight

37
Q

resistance

A

the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material

38
Q

interpretation

A

the analyst’s nothing supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight

39
Q

transference

A

the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships

40
Q

psychodynamic therapy

A

therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition. views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and seeks to enhance self-insight

41
Q

insight therapies

A

therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses

42
Q

client-centered therapy

A

a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within an accepting, genuine, empathetic environment to facilitate client’s growth

43
Q

active listening

A

empathetic listening in which the listener echoes, restates and clarifies

44
Q

unconditional positive regard

A

a caring, accepting nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients develop self-awareness and self-acceptance

45
Q

behavior therapy

A

rather than delving deeply below the surface looking for inner causes like psychodynamic and humanistic therapists, behavior therapists assume that problem behaviors are the problem

46
Q

counterconditioning

A

behavior therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors

47
Q

exposure therapies

A

behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization and virtual reality exposure therapy, that treat anxieties by exposing people to the things they fear and avoid

48
Q

systematic desensitization

A

a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli

49
Q

virtual reality exposure therapy

A

a counterconditioning technique that treats anxiety through creative electronic simulations

50
Q

aversion conditioning

A

a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)

51
Q

token economy

A

an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token (a chip, stamp) for exhibiting a desirable behavior and can later exchange tokens for privileges or treats

52
Q

cognitive therapy

A

therapy that teachers people new, more adaptive ways of thinking

53
Q

rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

A

s confrontational cognitive therapy, developed by Albert Ellis, that vigorously challenges people’s illogical, self-defeating attitudes and assumptions

54
Q

cognitive-behavioral therapy

A

a popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)

55
Q

group and family therapy

A

therapy conducted with groups, rather than individuals, providing benefits from group interaction

56
Q

meta-analysis

A

a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies

57
Q

evidence-based practice

A

clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences

58
Q

therapeutic alliance

A

the relationship between a healthcare professional and their client

59
Q

psychopharmacology

A

the study of the effects of drugs on the mind and behavior

60
Q

antipsychotic drugs

A

drugs used to threat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorders. act as an antagonist for dopamine

61
Q

antianxiety drugs

A

drugs used to control anxiety and agitation

62
Q

antidepressant drugs

A

drugs used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD

63
Q

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

A

a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient

63
Q

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

A

the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain

64
Q

psychosurgery

A

surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior

65
Q

resilience

A

the personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma

66
Q

lobotomy

A

a psychological procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotion or violent patients. cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes with the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain

67
Q

posttraumatic growth

A

positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises

AP Psychology (11 decks)

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