Motivation Flashcards
Heine et al (2001)
Japanese don’t use compensatory self-enhancement (tendency to view yourself as better in a particular domain after receiving neg feedback in another) as they see it as opportunity to improve
Neg feedback makes US seem inadequate
White and Lehmen (2005)
Gave ppts neg feedback after task
Asian-Canadians sought more social comparisons, especially upward, as they want to self-improve to keep up with the group (collectivist trait)
Euro-Canadians not interested in social feedback
Endo and Meijer (2004)
Self-serving bias (attributing success to self, failures to external factors)
Americans report more successes
Japanese report more failures
In business settings both Japanese and US use SSB
Heine and Lehman (1997)
Findings of Endo and Meijer (2004) not surprising as a collectivist trait is to do things to benefit the group (company). Puts more value on the self
Peters and Williams (2006)
Dart throwing task
US use more pos self-talk e.g. “that one was close”
East-Asians use more neg talk e.g. “still quite far off”
Implications: in RW sports coaching culture should be considered
Entity Theory
Shape individuals to fit society - world is fixed
Incremental Theory
Shape society to fit individuals - world is felxible
Ivengar and Lepper (2002)
Stall with wide range of jam sold less jars than stall with limited - too much choise can be detrimental
Savani et al (2010)
Ppts given task with 12 choices e.g. pick a pen, pick a seat
Then asked how many choices they made
US said they made more choices
Bond et al (1996)
Meta analysis
Found all cultures conform but collectivist cultures more so than individualistic
Kim and Markus (1999)
Airport survey - ppts then allowed to pick which pen they want to take home
US picked the one that seemed it had been taken least - wish to express uniqueness
Asians more likely to pick majority pen - wish to be part of group
