Illness

Question 1

Oishi (2002)

Answer 1

Ppts daily and weekly self-report of happiness
No diffs in daily ratings but at end of week US reported much higher happiness than Asian

Implies: life for US pursuit of happiness, Easterners neg and pos emotions equally important

Question 2

Curhan et al (2014)

Answer 2

Measured 6 items e.g. chronic conditions + SE

Negative affect more strongly correlated with poor physical health in US than Japan

Question 3

Does money buy happiness?

Answer 3

Correlation between income and life satisfaction in poor countries but not after a certain threshold - money buys happiness if struggling to survive but not if basic needs are met

Question 4

Koro (Tseng, 2001)

Answer 4

Identified in South and East Asia
Fear that penis is shrinking inside the body - causes high anxiety
Culture bound syndrome but some components are universal
Can only be identified as a clinical syndrome in cultures where there is awareness of the disorder

Question 5

Amok (Yap, 1951)

Answer 5

Found in SE Asia
Acute outbursts of violence followed by brooding and then exhaustion and amnesia
Thought to be induced by stress, tiredness or alcohol
Cultural trads of passive/non-confrontational approach to conflict leads to explosion

Question 6

Wildes et al (2001)

Answer 6

Meta-analysis of 35 ED studies
White women in Western countries experience more eating disturbance and body dissatisfaction then non-white women
Sample is important: black college women have sig fewer symptoms of ED than white
-but high school and non-clinical samples have similar prevalence

Question 7

Cachelin et al (2000)

Answer 7

Phone interviews to assess ED symptoms and probable diagnosis
No black women had probable AN
Differences in purging: black use laxative, hispanics use diaretic
More acculturated means more likely to suffer probs (Hispanic and Asian)

Question 8

Striegel-Moore et al (2000)

Answer 8

Black more likely to have BED than whites

Question 9

Kelly et al (2012)

Answer 9

ED measures developed predominantly in white female samples = reliability/validity?

Question 10

Neurasthenia

Answer 10

Exhaustion of nervous system e.g. poor appetite, headaches, insomnia

Question 11

Kleinman (1982)

Answer 11

Examined neurasthenia patients in China - 87% fir the DSM-III criteria for major depressive disorder

Is this because culturally acceptable/avoids social stigma of mental disorder (somatization rather than psychologization)

Question 12

Ryder el al (2008)

Answer 12

Chinese present more somatizing symptoms, Canadians more psychological symptoms

Question 13

Social Anxiety Disorder

Answer 13

Fear that ones in danger of acting in inept/unacceptable manner - will results in disastrous social consequences (Clark and Wells, 1995)

Question 14

Hisu and Alden (2007)

Answer 14

Social anxiety questionnaire and interview
Chinese report higher level of social fear, avoidance and anxiety related impairments than European
But: stats show social anxiety more in US and Europe

Social anxiety less of a prob in Asia as is common to be concerned about interpersonal relations

Question 15

TKS

Answer 15

Japanese concept - phobia confronting others. Blushing, sweating etc.
Similar to SAD: respond to same anti-depressants
Diffs to SAD: SAD worried about making fool of self, TKS worried about offending/creating uneasiness in others

Question 16

Innate Biological Differences

Answer 16

Humans in different parts of the world are subject to different selection pressures over many generations = human genome diverges e.g. skin colour

Question 17

Acquired Biological Differences

Answer 17

People living in different cultures have experiences within their own lifetime that impact their biology