Emotions Flashcards
James-Lange (1880s), Cannon-Bard (1920s)
Early theories of emotion. Refuted as don’t fully explain emotion
2 Factor Theory of Emotions (Schacter-Singer, 1960s)
Cog theory. Feel a physiological response/arousal to a stimuli e.g. heart beat speeds up. Cognition labels with an emotion e.g. fear or excitement?
Ekman and Friedman (1969)
Basic emotions theory. Asked people from diff cultures to look at stills of faces and label with emotion - strong agreement on emotion across cultures
but all had access to mass media so did 1971 experiment
Ekman and Friedman (1971)
Repeated first experiment but with people who don’t have access to mass media - similar results of universality for basic emotions
Matsumo and Willingham (2006)
Looked at emotions of judo winners in Olympics - emotions at time of winning the same but when receiving medals different
Matsumo and Willingham (2009)
Same as 2006 study but with blind sportsman - facial expressions same as non-blind so suggests universality
Display Rules
Set of rules surrounding what emotion/intensity is appropriate at given situation
Friesen (1972)
Ppts watch movie showing bodily mutilation either alone or with experimenter
Japanese only show disgust when alone
Americans show disgust alone and with experimenter
Briggs (1970)
Utku eskimos condemned if show public displays of anger
Soto et al (2005)
Mexican reported more experiences of neg and pos emotions than Chinese
Anderson (2005)
Ppts given scenario ‘at a restaurant, food tastes good and is good value but service is very slow’
US report scenario as more anger provoking than Chinese
Chinese choose more distracting techniques e.g. think about how good food is or consider the servers are very busy
Mesquita and Karasawa (2002)
Japanese 3 times more likely to report not feeling emotions in day/week than US
