Motivation Flashcards
Motivation operational definition
a need or desire that facilities behavior toward a specific goal
Drive Reduction Theory
-one of the theories for motivation
behavior is dirven by physiological needs; the needs helps ingite a internal drive that leads to a aroused and motivated state; the internal drive will produce the behavior to satisfy the need
Need vs Drive
need: something for survival
drive: physiological arousal and psychological tension to satisfy a need; leads to behavior to satisfy need
Homeostasis
what is it and example
physiological regulation of our internal environment; allows us to maintain a balanced internal state
A biological need demands satidfaction
need arises when we are experiencing deficency (not enough food)
drive is a state of bodily tension that must be reduced (feeling hungry)
Drive, need, behavior for food
need: low blood sugar (definiency)
drive: increased hunger (bodily tension that must be reduced)
behavior: eat
When all physiological needs are met….
we seek stimulation; so motivation is not all about homeostasis
Arousal theory
(what is it, argues)
-one of the theories for motivation
behavior is motivated by our level of arousal
low level of arousal: seek stimulation
high level of arousal: seeking ways to lessen intensity
Yerkes-Dodson Law
- ***moderate level of arousal leads to (high) optimal performance quality
- low arousal/boredom/apathy = low performance quality
- high arousal/high anxiety = low performance quality
“Optimal” Arousal depends on
-opitmal arousal level varies with task difficultly
difficult task= need low arousal for high performance
easy task= need high arousal for high performance
Considerations of Yerkes-Dodson
optimal level of arousal can change depending on task difficulty and experience
some ppl may perfee high or level arousals
opimal level arousal/preferences may change over time with experience, personality, maturity
Abraham Maslow
developed, argued
developed the Maslow Hierarchy of needs
- proposed an order of which needs need to be met
argued that once the basic AND physiological needs are met, people can strive for self actualization or self transcendence
-realizing own potential and striving for menaing, purpose and identity
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs sum up
self-fulfilment needs: self-actualization
Physiological needs:
esteem
love/belonging
Basic needs:
Safety
Physiological
Criticisms of Maslows Hierarchy
- some may act outside of the hierarchy; may starve themselves for moral or political reasons
- may be unware of their needs
- even if they are deprived of lower needs to still strive for higher needs; not necessarily a linear progression through needs
Intrinsic Motivation
desire to perform activity because of inherent value or pleasure associated with that actiivty
related to internal desires
may drive creative pursuits
e.g. going beach, playing kendama
Extrinsic motivation
desire to perform activity becuase of external goals/reward that the activity is tied to
- related to external material (sometimes) rewards
- tied to acheievement and recognition
Self Efficacy
expectation that your efforts will lead to success
high self efficacy= lets do this
low self efficacy= why bother bro
Achievement motivation
the desire to do well relative to standard of excellence
high achievement= challenging and attainable goals
low achievement= very easy or impossible goals2
Delayed gratification
- postponing desires
- postponing immediate gratification in hopes of attaining a larger reward
- may predict performance later in life
*Marshmallow test: children with better delayed immediate gratificaiton showed higher social skills, better grades, and SAT performances when they got older
present a child with one marshmallow, they are told they will get two later if they dont eat the one marshmallow right away
POSTPONING WHAT YOU WANT TO DO WITH WHAT YOU GOTTA DO
