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Psychology > Language > Flashcards

Language Flashcards

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1
Q

Language is….

A

complex

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2
Q

What is the psychology of language called

A

psycholinguistics

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3
Q

Psycholinguistics operational definition

A

the study of psychological and neurobiological factors that help us acquire, produce, perceive, use, and understand language

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4
Q

Psycholinguistics focuses on (what gives rise to language)

A

cognitive processes
-attention, memory, perception, learning, thinking
brain structures
-visual and auditory cortex; wernicke’s (how we understand words) and broca’s areas (how we generate words)

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5
Q

What is the operational definition of Language; includes

A

a system of communication that is composed of symbols that are arranged in a set of rules (grammar)to form meaningful expressions

includes written, spoken, and visual

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6
Q

Properties of Language

A

1) symbolic
2) semantic
3) infinitely generative
4) recursive

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7
Q

Components of Language

A

1) Phoneme

2) Morpheme

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8
Q

Structure of Language

A

1) Heirarchial

2) Syntax

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9
Q

Symbolic

A

auditory and visual icons are combined to represent objects, ideas, experiences
-the assignment of a symbol is arbitrary: meaning commonly agreed on

Properties of Language

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10
Q

Semantic

A

Symbolic combinations carry meaning

  • the meaning of the word, phrase or sentence
  • this makes language tricky because knowing what meaning exactly is hard since the same word can have different meanings (barney, movie, prehistoric dinosaur)

Properties of Language

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11
Q

Infinitely Generative

A

a limited number symbols can be combined in a infinite number of ways; no limit in combinations of limited number of symbols
-This allows creation of new words

Properties of Language

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12
Q

Recursive

A

new ideas can continuously being nested if it follows the rules; new ideas can be nested into a sentence; unlimited number of grammatical sentences are possible

Properties of Language

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13
Q

Phoneme

A

the smallest linguistic unit of speech sounds

  • different languages use different phoneme
  • English uses constants and vowels
  • has no meaning on its own

Components of Language

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14
Q

Morpheme

A

smallest linguistic unit of speech meaning

eg. root words, suffix, prefix
- THEY ARE UNBREAKABLE

Components of Language

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15
Q

Heirarchical

A

a series of smaller of components are combined to make larger units
phonemes–>. morphemes —> words—-> phrases —> sentences —–> thoughts/ideas

Structure of Language

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16
Q

Syntax

A

Arbitrary rules that govern how sounds/words are put together

e. g grammar
- dictates how sounds and symbols can and cannot be combined

17
Q

what influences semantics

A
  1. syntax
    - how is the message conveyed
  2. context
    - what when where why you referring to
  3. culture
    - does the message mean the same thing as it does to me to you
18
Q

Syntax and semantics

A

how you word/order words influences how it is interpreted

Candy would like a piece of you or would you like a piece of candy

19
Q

context and semantics

A

a word can be used in different contexts

“I CAUGHT the bus” “ I CAUGHT a cold”

20
Q

culture and semantics

A

environment in which you are raised influences how you interpret meaning

“auntie”

21
Q

Speech perception

A

humans can process up to 50 phonemes

continuous flow of sound perceived as discrete items
-influenced by experience/expertise and visual sense

22
Q

McGurk Effect

A
  • incongruent auditory and visual signals after speech perception
  • this demonstrates how visual cues can influence what we hear
23
Q

What did Noam Chomsky propose

A

Language Acquisition Device

24
Q

Language Acquisition Device

A

an innate (cognitive) mechanism facilitates the learning of language; our brain is preprogrammed

25
Q

What did Noam Chomsky argue

A
  • Argued that there is a universal course of language development; we all learn language the same way
  • argued that nature and nurture are important for language development ; brain has the blueprints (nature) while experience builds the final product (nurture)
26
Q

Language development

months; language milestone

A

1-3 months
-reflexive communication (crying) and cooing; pre language; no phonemes

7-8 months
-babbling (phonemes) and segmentation (babbling in burst)

10-13 months

  • basic utterances and first words
  • mama,dada

12-18 months

  • basic sentences and telegraphic speech
  • formulate ideas but omit modifiers
27
Q

Language Acquisition

A

critical periods: developmental periods where a skill is most easily acquired
-infants can distinguish between and produce phonemes of all languages; ability is lost by 12 months (1 year)

28
Q

Broca’s area

A

responsible for language production; generating words

29
Q

Broca’s Aphasia

A

damage to Broca’s area; have trouble speaking; generating speech Is difficult; “tip of the tongue” experience every time

30
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

responsible for language comprehension

31
Q

Wernicke’s Aphasia

A

damage to Wernicke’s Area; have trouble understanding; does not understand question; producing language is good but words are meaningless

Psychology (13 decks)

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