Hearing

Question 1

Auditory sense

provides info about, can work when, etc..

Answer 1

• 2nd most replied on sense
• provides information of stimuli out of view; can locate stimuli we cant immediately see
• can work in the dark
• easier to communicate if blind rather than deaf

Question 2

Audition operational definiton

Answer 2

process of vibrations in elastic medium is transduced into neural impulses that the brain interprets and produces the perceptual experience of sound

Question 3

Auditory stimuli

Answer 3

vibrations cause waves of compressed molecules (pressure waves) that travel through an elastic medium
these vibrations are perceived as “sound”

Question 4

Examples of elastic medium

Answer 4

Air (most common)
liquid
gases
and some solids

Question 5

vibration =_______

how?

Answer 5

pressure waves
-vibrations cause air molecules to push against each other in a chain reaction causing waves; as each molecule recovers from its push, the wave passes

Question 6

Pitch

definition, determined by, measured by

Answer 6

-low and high quality of sound (how high or low a sound sounds)
-determined by frequency of the wave
-measured in Hertz
(cycles/ waves per second)

Question 7

Higher frequency, _____

Lower frequency, ______

Answer 7

higher pitch we perceive; Lower pitch

Question 8

Human pitch perception

Range and best hearing

Answer 8

Range: 20-20000 Hz

Best hearing: 500-4,000 Hz (human speech falls in this range)

Question 9

Loudness

definition, determined by, measured by

Answer 9

• the intensity of perceived sound
• determined by amplitude
• measured by decibels dB); it is relative and is a unit of comparison to a given intensity

Question 10

Higher amplitude, ____

lower amplitude, ____

Answer 10

louder the sound we perceive; the lower sounding the sound we perceiver

Question 11

Ears location

Answer 11

is external but also extend inner behind the eye

Question 12

Outer ear components

Answer 12

1) pinna
2) ear canal
3) Tympanic membrane

Question 13

Middle ear components

Answer 13

Ossicles (middle ear bones)

1) malleus
2) incus
3) stapes

Question 14

Inner ear components

Answer 14

1) auditory nerve

2) cochlea

Question 15

Pinna

what does it do

Answer 15

angles sound waves into ear canal

Question 16

Ear canal

what does it do

Answer 16

sounds become amplified

Question 17

Tympanic membrane
(other name)
what does it do

Answer 17

eardrum; will vibrate when sound enters/touch

Question 18

Malleus

(other name) where

Answer 18

hammer; directly connected to tympanic membrane/ eardrum and incus

Question 19

Incus

other name; where

Answer 19

anvil

between malleus and stapes

Question 20

Stapes

other name, where

Answer 20

stirrup

connect to incus and connect to inner ear (cochlea)

Question 21

Auditory nerve

what is it and function

Answer 21

bundle of nerve fibers that carries hearing information between the cochlea the brain

Question 22

Cochlea

what is it, responsible for, what structure does it have

Answer 22

• fluid filled sensory organ for sound
• responsible for transducing vibrations into neural impulses
• has basilar membrane which has hair cells are (sensory receptors for sound); hair cells stimulated by vibration of fluid in cochlea (when they bend, sends neural impulse to auditory nerve)

Question 23

Diana Deutsch

what did she discover

Answer 23

• discovered many forms of auditory illusions
  1) speech to sound illusion
• keep repeating and starts to sound like a song
  2) tritone paradox
  3) phantom words/auditory pareidolia

Question 24

Auditory illusion definiton

Answer 24

what we hear is influenced by expectation

Question 25

Shepard tone illusion

Answer 25

• perception that a fixed repeating scale is continuously rising in pitch
• sounds seems like it is getting higher and higher in pitch but is not actually

Question 26

Auditory Pareidolia
(other name)

Answer 26

phantom words; hearing illusory patterns (such as words) in random noise