Hearing Flashcards
Auditory sense
provides info about, can work when, etc..
- 2nd most replied on sense
- provides information of stimuli out of view; can locate stimuli we cant immediately see
- can work in the dark
- easier to communicate if blind rather than deaf
Audition operational definiton
process of vibrations in elastic medium is transduced into neural impulses that the brain interprets and produces the perceptual experience of sound
Auditory stimuli
vibrations cause waves of compressed molecules (pressure waves) that travel through an elastic medium
these vibrations are perceived as “sound”
Examples of elastic medium
Air (most common)
liquid
gases
and some solids
vibration =_______
how?
pressure waves
-vibrations cause air molecules to push against each other in a chain reaction causing waves; as each molecule recovers from its push, the wave passes
Pitch
definition, determined by, measured by
-low and high quality of sound (how high or low a sound sounds)
-determined by frequency of the wave
-measured in Hertz
(cycles/ waves per second)
Higher frequency, _____
Lower frequency, ______
higher pitch we perceive; Lower pitch
Human pitch perception
Range and best hearing
Range: 20-20000 Hz
Best hearing: 500-4,000 Hz (human speech falls in this range)
Loudness
definition, determined by, measured by
- the intensity of perceived sound
- determined by amplitude
- measured by decibels dB); it is relative and is a unit of comparison to a given intensity
Higher amplitude, ____
lower amplitude, ____
louder the sound we perceive; the lower sounding the sound we perceiver
Ears location
is external but also extend inner behind the eye
Outer ear components
1) pinna
2) ear canal
3) Tympanic membrane
Middle ear components
Ossicles (middle ear bones)
1) malleus
2) incus
3) stapes
Inner ear components
1) auditory nerve
2) cochlea
Pinna
what does it do
angles sound waves into ear canal
Ear canal
what does it do
sounds become amplified
Tympanic membrane
(other name)
what does it do
eardrum; will vibrate when sound enters/touch
Malleus
(other name) where
hammer; directly connected to tympanic membrane/ eardrum and incus
Incus
other name; where
anvil
between malleus and stapes
Stapes
other name, where
stirrup
connect to incus and connect to inner ear (cochlea)
Auditory nerve
what is it and function
bundle of nerve fibers that carries hearing information between the cochlea the brain
Cochlea
what is it, responsible for, what structure does it have
- fluid filled sensory organ for sound
- responsible for transducing vibrations into neural impulses
- has basilar membrane which has hair cells are (sensory receptors for sound); hair cells stimulated by vibration of fluid in cochlea (when they bend, sends neural impulse to auditory nerve)
Diana Deutsch
what did she discover
- discovered many forms of auditory illusions
1) speech to sound illusion - keep repeating and starts to sound like a song
2) tritone paradox
3) phantom words/auditory pareidolia
Auditory illusion definiton
what we hear is influenced by expectation
Shepard tone illusion
- perception that a fixed repeating scale is continuously rising in pitch
- sounds seems like it is getting higher and higher in pitch but is not actually
Auditory Pareidolia (other name)
phantom words; hearing illusory patterns (such as words) in random noise
