Motivation Flashcards
what is motivation?
the factors influencing the way people behave.
what are some benefits of employee motivation?
-higher labour productivity
-low labour turnover
-high retention rates
-improved customer service
-better workplace relations
what is Taylor’s motivation theory? (Taylorism)
MOTIVATED BY MONEY ONLY
workers were not capable of understanding their tasks and should follow strict rules.
what are Taylor’s ideas linked to?
-Piece rate
-mass production
-division of labour
what is Mayo’s motivation theory?
workers must be seen as MEMBERS OF A GROUP
he believe workers had ‘social needs’
what experiment did Mayo conduct?
the “Hawthorne experiment”
looking at the power of informal as opposed to formal groups for production in the workplace
how did Mayo find the motivation can be improved?
-consultation
-team work
-paying an interest in workers
-a degree of autonomy.
What is Maslow’s motivation theory?
he believed there’s a hierarchy of needs based on seeing human needs as being placed in order, each must be fulfilled before one can move on to the next.
employees can be motivated by being presented with the opportunity to achieve the next level
what is self-actualisation?
being so fulfilled with the job that you would do it for free
maximizing one’s abilities and resources, driven by internal motivations.
what is the order of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
1= self-actualisation
2=self-esteem needs
3=love and belongingness needs
4=safety and security needs
5=physiological needs.
what is Herzberg’s motivation theory?
two factor theory
hygiene factors- if present do not lead to motivation but if absent lead to dissatisfaction
motivating factors-if present lead to job satisfaction and hence motivation
what are examples of hygiene factors? Herzberg
-pay and benefits
-company policy
-workplace relationships
-work conditions
-status
-job security
what is expectancy theory?
it believes that employees will be motivated to behave in a set manner based upon what they believe (expect) the outcome will be.
what are the three core elements of expectancy theory?
-valence
-expectancy
-instrumentality
what is valence?
the reward and degree of desire for that reward
what is expectancy?
the belief in the relationship between cause and effect
what is instrumentality?
the belief that the desired outcome is obtainable and will be rewarded.
who first developed expectancy theory?
Victor Vroom.
looked at what prompts an individual to make one decision over another.
who further developed expectancy theory?
Porter and Lawler.
what did Porter and Lawler conclude?
that an employees motivation to complete a task is based on the reward; intrinsic or extrinsic.
what is intrinsic rewards?
personal feelings
what is an extrinsic reward?
material rewards
what are financial methods of motiavtion?
-raise
-bonus
-profit share
-share ownership
-performance related pay
-piece rate
what are non-financial methods of motivation?
-consultation
team working
-flexible working
-job rotation
-job enrichment
-job enlargement
what is job rotation?
varying the tasks that an employee does to reduce boredom and increase the range of skills that the workers have
what is job enrichment?
increase in the level of responsibility that an employee has in order to increase motivation
what is job enlargement?
increase in the number, as opposed to level, of responsibilities that an employee has in order to increase motivation
