Motivation

Question 1

what is motivation?

Answer 1

the factors influencing the way people behave.

Question 2

what are some benefits of employee motivation?

Answer 2

-higher labour productivity
-low labour turnover
-high retention rates
-improved customer service
-better workplace relations

Question 3

what is Taylor’s motivation theory? (Taylorism)

Answer 3

MOTIVATED BY MONEY ONLY
workers were not capable of understanding their tasks and should follow strict rules.

Question 4

what are Taylor’s ideas linked to?

Answer 4

-Piece rate
-mass production
-division of labour

Question 5

what is Mayo’s motivation theory?

Answer 5

workers must be seen as MEMBERS OF A GROUP
he believe workers had ‘social needs’

Question 6

what experiment did Mayo conduct?

Answer 6

the “Hawthorne experiment”
looking at the power of informal as opposed to formal groups for production in the workplace

Question 7

how did Mayo find the motivation can be improved?

Answer 7

-consultation
-team work
-paying an interest in workers
-a degree of autonomy.

Question 8

What is Maslow’s motivation theory?

Answer 8

he believed there’s a hierarchy of needs based on seeing human needs as being placed in order, each must be fulfilled before one can move on to the next.
employees can be motivated by being presented with the opportunity to achieve the next level

Question 9

what is self-actualisation?

Answer 9

being so fulfilled with the job that you would do it for free
maximizing one’s abilities and resources, driven by internal motivations.

Question 10

what is the order of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Answer 10

1= self-actualisation
2=self-esteem needs
3=love and belongingness needs
4=safety and security needs
5=physiological needs.

Question 11

what is Herzberg’s motivation theory?

Answer 11

two factor theory
hygiene factors- if present do not lead to motivation but if absent lead to dissatisfaction
motivating factors-if present lead to job satisfaction and hence motivation

Question 12

what are examples of hygiene factors? Herzberg

Answer 12

-pay and benefits
-company policy
-workplace relationships
-work conditions
-status
-job security

Question 13

what is expectancy theory?

Answer 13

it believes that employees will be motivated to behave in a set manner based upon what they believe (expect) the outcome will be.​

Question 14

what are the three core elements of expectancy theory?

Answer 14

-valence
-expectancy
-instrumentality

Question 15

what is valence?

Answer 15

the reward and degree of desire for that reward

Question 16

what is expectancy?

Answer 16

the belief in the relationship between cause and effect

Question 17

what is instrumentality?

Answer 17

the belief that the desired outcome is obtainable and will be rewarded.

Question 18

who first developed expectancy theory?

Answer 18

Victor Vroom.
looked at what prompts an individual to make one decision over another.

Question 19

who further developed expectancy theory?

Answer 19

Porter and Lawler.

Question 20

what did Porter and Lawler conclude?

Answer 20

that an employees motivation to complete a task is based on the reward; intrinsic or extrinsic.

Question 21

what is intrinsic rewards?

Answer 21

personal feelings

Question 22

what is an extrinsic reward?

Answer 22

material rewards

Question 23

what are financial methods of motiavtion?

Answer 23

-raise
-bonus
-profit share
-share ownership
-performance related pay
-piece rate

Question 24

what are non-financial methods of motivation?

Answer 24

-consultation
team working
-flexible working
-job rotation
-job enrichment
-job enlargement

Question 25

what is job rotation?

Answer 25

varying the tasks that an employee does to reduce boredom and increase the range of skills that the workers have

Question 26

what is job enrichment?

Answer 26

increase in the level of responsibility that an employee has in order to increase motivation ​

Question 27

what is job enlargement?

Answer 27

increase in the number, as opposed to level, of responsibilities that an employee has in order to increase motivation​