management and leadership Flashcards
what is leadership?
the ability to influence and direct people in order to meet the goals of a group
what is management?
the process through which company resources are used and decisions made in order to meet the objectives of the firm.
what are leaders?
those people that can inspire and motivate people to meet objectives
what are managers?
they will set objectives and decide how to go about achieving them.
what is the role of managers include?
leading
making decisions
-reviewing
what does MBO stand for?
management by objectives
what is MBO?
a management technique aimed to increase motivation by sharing the overall business objective between groups of employees
What is the effectiveness of MBO dependent upon?
the way which managers handle the setting and communication of targets.
what are advantages of MBO?
-provides a clear focus for all
-gives a sense of belonging and worth
-everyone focussed on the same goal
what are some disadvantages of MBO?
-time consuming to set, monitor and review objectives.
-workers may feel demotivated if objectives are unrealistic.
what is McGregor’s theory X and theory Y?
managers will perceive workers as either X or Y and therefore will assume which affects their leadership style
what is theory X for McGregor?
assumes that workers are inherently lazy and therefore must be coerced to work.
what is theory Y for McGregor?
assumes that workers are motivated to work by a desire to achieve higher order needs.
self motivated.
theory X assumptions?
-workers are lazy
-motivated by money
-work for personal gain not the benefit of the business
-need to be closely supervised
theory Y assumptions?
-workers can enjoy work
-motivated by different needs
-should be given responsibility
-should be given some autonomy.
what is an autocratic style?
the leader makes a decision without consultation
what is a democratic style?
the leader consults the team but makes the final decision
what is a paternalistic style?
the leader acts in a fatherly way towards the workforce
-making decisions based on the needs of the workforce and the business
what is a bureaucratic style?
leadership is based on a formal hierarchy and the strict following of rules and procedures
what is Laissez-faire style?
the leader allows the team to make decisions
who developed the contingency model?
Fielder
what is contingency model?
there is no style of leadership that is best- it depends upon the situation.
based his study on the personality and characteristics of leaders
what is step one of fielders model?
to identify a leaders fixed style in terms of what they are relationship or task orientated.
what is step two of fielders model?
to identify the situation in terms of level of trust in team, degree of structure and relative power within the team
what did Wright and Taylor say about leadership?
that it is based around behaviour and not power.
leaders should be willing to adapt and look to empower and develop the skills of subordinates
need to be able to prioritise activities and delegate.
what did Wright and Taylor say leadership skills include?
-formal communication
-administration
-planning
-stress management
-interpersonal communication skills
