management and leadership

Question 1

what is leadership?

Answer 1

the ability to influence and direct people in order to meet the goals of a group

Question 2

what is management?

Answer 2

the process through which company resources are used and decisions made in order to meet the objectives of the firm​.

Question 3

what are leaders?

Answer 3

those people that can inspire and motivate people to meet objectives

Question 4

what are managers?

Answer 4

they will set objectives and decide how to go about achieving them.

Question 5

what is the role of managers include?

Answer 5

leading
making decisions
-reviewing

Question 6

what does MBO stand for?

Answer 6

management by objectives

Question 7

what is MBO?

Answer 7

a management technique aimed to increase motivation by sharing the overall business objective between groups of employees

Question 8

What is the effectiveness of MBO dependent upon?

Answer 8

the way which managers handle the setting and communication of targets.

Question 9

what are advantages of MBO?

Answer 9

-provides a clear focus for all
-gives a sense of belonging and worth
-everyone focussed on the same goal

Question 10

what are some disadvantages of MBO?

Answer 10

-time consuming to set, monitor and review objectives.
-workers may feel demotivated if objectives are unrealistic.

Question 11

what is McGregor’s theory X and theory Y?

Answer 11

managers will perceive workers as either X or Y and therefore will assume which affects their leadership style

Question 12

what is theory X for McGregor?

Answer 12

assumes that workers are inherently lazy and therefore must be coerced to work.

Question 13

what is theory Y for McGregor?

Answer 13

assumes that workers are motivated to work by a desire to achieve higher order needs.
self motivated.

Question 14

theory X assumptions?

Answer 14

-workers are lazy
-motivated by money
-work for personal gain not the benefit of the business
-need to be closely supervised

Question 15

theory Y assumptions?

Answer 15

-workers can enjoy work
-motivated by different needs
-should be given responsibility
-should be given some autonomy.

Question 16

what is an autocratic style?

Answer 16

the leader makes a decision without consultation

Question 17

what is a democratic style?

Answer 17

the leader consults the team but makes the final decision

Question 18

what is a paternalistic style?

Answer 18

the leader acts in a fatherly way towards the workforce
-making decisions based on the needs of the workforce and the business

Question 19

what is a bureaucratic style?

Answer 19

leadership is based on a formal hierarchy and the strict following of rules and procedures

Question 20

what is Laissez-faire style?

Answer 20

the leader allows the team to make decisions

Question 21

who developed the contingency model?

Answer 21

Fielder

Question 22

what is contingency model?

Answer 22

there is no style of leadership that is best- it depends upon the situation.
based his study on the personality and characteristics of leaders

Question 23

what is step one of fielders model?

Answer 23

to identify a leaders fixed style in terms of what they are relationship or task orientated.

Question 24

what is step two of fielders model?

Answer 24

to identify the situation in terms of level of trust in team, degree of structure and relative power within the team

Question 25

what did Wright and Taylor say about leadership?

Answer 25

that it is based around behaviour and not power.
leaders should be willing to adapt and look to empower and develop the skills of subordinates
need to be able to prioritise activities and delegate.

Question 26

what did Wright and Taylor say leadership skills include?

Answer 26

-formal communication
-administration
-planning
-stress management
-interpersonal communication skills