Motivation Flashcards
Difference between motivation and emotion
Motivation: activates a specific goal directed behavior (hunger, thirst, sex, escape, money, power)
Emotion: the subjective experience of a physiological reaction to a stimulus (anxiety, excitement, disgust, love)
What is motivation
- a psychological process that directs and maintains behavior towards a goal
- produced by a state of arousal or tension
- Hypothalamus is the brain structure that regulates basic biological needs and motivational systems
What r motives
-needs, wants, desires, a stimulus to drive or move a person to behave in certain ways or accomplish a goal
- theoretical psychological states that can’t be observed or measured directly
Types of motives (5)
1- conscious vs unconscious
2- high vs low urgency
3- positive and negative
4- intrinsic vs extrinsic
5- rational vs emotional
Drive reduction theory
- when individuals experience needs that can create internal tension and they want to reduce it (hunger, sexual tension)
- attempt to maintain level of homeostasis
- motivation lies within person not environment
What are incentive theories
- propose individuals r often motivated by positive goals
- incentive has ability to motivate behavior
-intrinsic motivation: internal goals
-extrinsic motivation: goal is external
Difference between drive reduction theory and incentive theory
- Drive theory: biological internal motivation (homeostasis)
- Incentive theory: environmental motivation (not as much homeostasis, more outside factors)
Yerkes-Dodson Law
- preform best when moderately aroused
- perform worse when arousal is to high or low
Primary Motivation- need to belong
- fundamental need, drives much of our motivation (affiliation motivation)
Abraham Maslow
- humanistic psychologist- suggests some people r willing to tolerate pain, hunger etc to achieve goals
Hierarchy of needs
- needs arranged in order of urgency
- explain range of human motivation
- lower level motives must satisfy before higher ones
- psychological needs lowest
- self actualization needs highest
Triangle (top to bottom)
-self actualization
-esteem and self esteem
-love and belonging
-safety and security
-psychology needs: air, food, water, sleep, sex, etc
Hatfield and Rapson’s Theory
-Passionate love: marked by powerful, overwhelming, longing for one’s partner
-Compassionate love: marked by sense of deep friendship, fondness for one’s partner
Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love
- intimacy
- commitment
- passion
Self- determination theory
- individuals ability to achieve goals and attain psychological well-being
