Health, Stress, Coping

Question 1

Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL)

Answer 1

• what the person can do (functioning), self-care, role, social
• How the person feels (well-being), emotional well-being, pain, energy

Question 2

Health Psychology

Answer 2

• study of both + and - impacts that humans behavior and decisions have on health, survival and well-being

Question 3

Approaches to Health and Illness

Answer 3

• biomedical model (Illness and biological factors)
• biopsychosocial model (biological, psychological, social factors)
• health psychology (psychology influences how people stay healthy, y they become Ill, how they respond)

Question 4

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Answer 4

• HIV=human immunodeficiency virus; causes AIDS, attacks immune system until non-functional
• No cure or vaccine

Question 5

Treatment of AIDS

Answer 5

-HAART=highly active antiretroviral therapy; combines 3 medicines
- education and information
- psychotherapy, self-help groups, group therapy
- antidepressants, anti-anxiety drugs

Question 6

Psychosocial influences on health

Answer 6

Social contagion- unintentional spreading of behavior bc of social interactions, food consumption, weight loss, smoking

Question 7

Stress

Answer 7

-David Elkind (1981), “the wear and tear on our bodies that is produced by the very process of living”
- Hans Selye (1956)- father of stress theory, “A non-specific response of the body to any demand made upon it”

Question 8

Hans Selye

Answer 8

• general adaptation syndrome (GAS)= sequence of reactions in response to stressors

Question 9

Three stages of G A S

Answer 9

1- Alarm stage
2- Resistance stage
3- Exhaustion stage

Question 10

General Adaptation Syndrome

Answer 10

• any event requiring readjustment, + or -, will produce stress
• Eustress = positive or good stress
• Distress = damaging or unpleasant stress

Question 11

Stress Response 4 Fs

Answer 11

-Walter Cannon
-fight or flight response to stress (sympathetic nervous system)
-fight
-flight
-freeze
-fawn

Question 12

PTSD- Comorbidity

Answer 12

• substance abuse
• generalized anxiety disorder
• depression
• suicide ideology
• unemployment; poverty
• prevalence (childhood trauma, military, emergency service workers)

Question 13

Psychoneuroimmunology

Answer 13

• study of the relationship between the immune system and central nervous system
• how psychological factors (emotions, thinking, behavior) affect immune system?

Question 14

Relationship Between Type A Personality and CHD

Answer 14

• coronary heart disease
• impatient and worry about time and r easily angered, competitive, and highly motivated

Question 15

Lazarus and Folkman’s Psychological Model of Stress

Answer 15

• focused on importance of persons perceptions and appraisal of stressors
• stress response depends on outcome of primary and secondary appraisals

Question 16

Primary Appraisal

Answer 16

• evaluate potentially stressful event and how it affects well-being
• is perception irrelevant or involving harm, loss, threat, challenge

Question 17

Secondary Appraisal

Answer 17

• evaluating one’s coping resources and how to deal with stressful event

Question 18

2 basic ways of coping

Answer 18

1- Problem focused coping (attempts to tackle the problem head on- reducing, modifying, eliminating, sources of stress)
2- Emotion focused coping (dealing with one’s feelings about stressful event, changing emotional response)

Question 19

Characteristics of emotional resiliency

Answer 19

-emotional awareness and perspective
-internal locus of control
-personal and professional support
-perseverance
-spirituality
-optimism

Question 20

Post Traumatic Growth

Answer 20

-individual who experiences + life changes coping with traumatic event or life crisis
-often reported by cancer survivors

Question 21

5 Domains of post traumatic growth

Answer 21

• improved relationships
• new possibilities for one’s life
• a greater sense appreciation for life
• a greater sense of personal strength
• spiritual development