Motivation Flashcards
Define motivation?
The direction and intensity of one’s efforts
What are the key approaches to motivation?
- Person Centred View (TRAIT) -personality, needs, interests, goals
- Situational Factors (STATE)- coaching style , environment
=participant motivation
Sorrentiono and Sheppard (1978)
Swimmers Experiment
Investigate if each swimmer was more orientated towards social approval or toward social rejection and how motivational orientation influenced their performance.
Individual and relay team- affected performance and motivation levels.
SDT theory?
Self -Determination Theory (Deci and Ryan, 2000)
Focuses on the extent to which behaviours such as sport and exercise participation undertaken voluntarily- not controlled by an external agent.
A general theory on what motivates people
Based on the three psychological needs: competence, autonomy and readiness
Define intrinsic motivation?
When sport involvement is driven by trophies, ribbons, salaries or scholarships or the approval of others
Define extrinsic motivation?
Participation in sport that is inherently pleasurable, when effort is based on the enjoyment of competition, excitement or the desire to learn and improve
Explain SDT’s Motivational Continuum?
Basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence and relatedness into intrinsic, extrinsic and a motivation)
Want it to be introjected regulation and identified regulation and not in integrated regulation and External regulation.
Affects the underlying autonomous motives and controlling motivation of a performer.
TEGOQ- The Task and Ego Goal Orientated Questionnaire
(Duda and Nicholls, 1992)
eg: I feel the most successful when I score the most goals- agree/ strongly agree
Based on the scores from the Questionnaire allows you to Understand your Goal Profile:
FOR EXAMPLEL: High Task, Low Ego= “I just go out and play I don’t really care if I win” – low anxiety and high enjoyment
Achievement Goal Theory (Nicholls, 1989) key ideas?
Task-Mastery Orientation: take pride in the progressive improvement of their knowledge and ability relative to their own past experiences and performances
-Self-referenced
-Focused on improving ability rather than current ability- process orientation (one step at a time)
-Conductive maintaining high perception’s competence/ ability
Ego-orientation: intent on demonstrating superiority over others (motivated by social comparison)
-Other referenced perceptions of competence
-Current ability is important
-Superior to others
What are motivational climates? (Ames, 1992)
Used to alter orientations- if you place an individual in a mastery environment you can increase their task-orientation
Mastery (Task-involving) Climate= focused on individual improvement, effort and cooperative learning
Performance (Ego-involving) Climate= highlighted by competition, viewing mistakes ad failures
Explain how you can manipulate orientations through TARGET structures within mastery and performance climates?
Tasks
Authority
Recognise
Grouping
Evaluation
Time
Define Attributions?
Reasons we give as to why certain outcomes take place
(Weiner, 1985;1986)
Explain the concept of Weiner model of Attribution?
Ability, Effort, Luck, Task Difficulty
Locus of causality: (internal/ external), Stability (stable/ unstable )
Weiner’s model: Stable and Internal?
ABILITY- you won the game due to your shooting ability
Weiner’s model: Stable and External?
TASK DIFFICULTY- the team that you were playing were at the top of the league and you were at the bottom
