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Kinesio > Motion analysis and biomechanical principles > Flashcards

Motion analysis and biomechanical principles Flashcards

1
Q

What do PTs do

A

Promote, restore, and enhance function

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2
Q

How can a PT assess function (3 part one)

A
  1. Assessment of movement
  2. Assessment of movement components
  3. Assessment of motion segment
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3
Q

How can a PT assess function (2 part one)

A
  1. Assessment of task

2. Factors: Environment, Societal, Psychological, and Emotional

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4
Q

What is assessment of movement

A

What joint is affected

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5
Q

What is motion segment

A

Arthrokinematics

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6
Q

What does arthrokinematics mean

A

Within the joint

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7
Q

How does a PT assess movement

A

Either dynamic or static assessment then kinetic or kinematic analysis

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8
Q

What is dynamic assessment

A

Task in it’s entirety

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9
Q

What is static assessment

A

Break task into phases

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10
Q

What in kinematic analysis

A

Describing motion (qualitative)

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11
Q

What is kinetic analysis

A

Deals with forces (quantitative)

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12
Q

During rotary or angular motion what happens

A

Each point on the object moves thru the same angle at the same time at a different constant distance

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13
Q

During translatory or linear motion what happens

A

Each point moves thru the same distance at the same time in parallel paths

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14
Q

What does concomitant mean

A

Occurring together and at the same time

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15
Q

True or False:

Gliding motion always occurs

A

True

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16
Q

What are the 3 cardinal directions

A

Frontal/Coronal, Sagittal/Medial, and Transverse/Axial/Horizontal

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17
Q

What axis does the sagittal plane correspond with

A

Mediolateral axis

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18
Q

What axis does the frontal plane correspond with

A

Anterior posterior axis

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19
Q

What axis does the transverse plane correspond with

A

Longitudinal/Vertical axis

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20
Q

What motion occurs in the sagittal plane

A

Flexion/Extension

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21
Q

What motion occurs in the frontal plane

A

Abduction/Adduction Lateral flexion/Sidebending (L or R spine)

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22
Q

What motion occurs in the transverse plane

A

External/Lateral rotation, Internal/Medial rotation, and Rotation (L or R spine)

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23
Q

What is magnitude measured in

A

Degrees or radians

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24
Q

What does degrees per second equal

A

Angular speed or rate

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25
Q

What does velocity equal

A

d/t

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26
Q

Velocity has what

A

Magnitude and direction

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27
Q

What is velocity without direction

A

Speed

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28
Q

What is translatory motion quantified by

A

linear distance

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29
Q

What does kinetics tell us

A

Why motion is occurring

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30
Q

What is kinetics the study of

A

Forces

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31
Q

What is an external force

A

Gravity, perturbation, friction, or wind

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32
Q

What is perturbation

A

Movement caused by an outside force

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33
Q

What are internal forces

A

Muscle force

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34
Q

What is the action line/line of action

A

Fiber orientation of muscle

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35
Q

1lb equals how many newtons

A

4.448N

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36
Q

What is the force of gravity

A

32 ft/s2

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37
Q

Weight equals what

A

MA

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38
Q

What is COG

A

Center of gravity

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39
Q

Where does COG occur

A

At the COM

40
Q

What is LOG

A

Line of gravity

41
Q

Where does LOG occur

A

The perpendicular line from the COG to the supporting surface

42
Q

True or False:

The more points of contact with the supporting surface the less stable the person

A

False

43
Q

Does having COM closer to the floor increase stability or decrease

A

Increase

44
Q

What is BOS

A

Base of support

45
Q

Increasing the BOS does what to stability

A

Increases

46
Q

What does decreasing the coefficient of friction do to stability

A

Decrease

47
Q

True or False:

An assistive device decreases the BOS

A

False

48
Q

What is the best way to increase the BOS

A

In the direction of the force or perturbation coming

49
Q

As velocity increases what happens to stabiltiy

A

Increases

50
Q

Going faster in the intended direction causes what to happen stability

A

Increases

51
Q

What is FICK

A

The subtle toe angle of your feet

52
Q

What is a normal FICK

A

4-8 degrees

53
Q

Do older people walk with a wider base of support or narrower

A

Narrower

54
Q

What is Newton’s first law

A

Law of inertia, Object at rest remains at rest until acted on by an outside force

55
Q

What is inertia

A

Property of an object to resist both the initiation of motion and change in motion

56
Q

What does inertia relate to in biomechanics

A

Something at rest

57
Q

What is Newton’s second law

A

Law of acceleration, acceleration is proportional to the unbalanced force acting on it and the mass of the object

58
Q

What is Newton’s third law

A

Law of reaction, for every reaction there is an equal and opposite reaction

59
Q

What is COP

A

Center of pressure

60
Q

To change or create momentum there must be what

A

An external force

61
Q

What does momentum equal

A

P=mv

62
Q

What are the 4 ways to describe motion

A
  1. Location
  2. Direction
  3. Magnitude
  4. Rate or duration
63
Q

What does location refer to

A

What is the joint in question or the plane of motion

64
Q

What does direction refer to

A

What direction did it move in

65
Q

What does magnitude refer to

A

How much, what degree

66
Q

What does rate or duration refer to

A

How fast or how long

67
Q

What is the angle of pull/inclination

A

Pitch or deflection of a muscle off a bone

68
Q

What is LA

A

Lever arm

69
Q

What is a lever arm

A

The distance from the point of application of muscle to the axis of rotation

70
Q

What is the rotary line

A

Perpendicular line from the lever at the point of application

71
Q

True or False:

You always put the vector on the more mobile segment

A

TRUE

72
Q

What is the moment arm

A

The perpendicular distance from the line of action to the instantaneous center of rotation or axis of rotation

73
Q

What is the equation for resistance

A

Sum of forces=0=Gc+Qc+R

74
Q

What is the static equilibrium equation

A

(QMAQ)+(GrMAGr)

75
Q

Torque equals what

A

Moment force

76
Q

What is moment

A

A potential

77
Q

Force applied to produce movement in the body are typically centered or off centered

A

Off centered

78
Q

Torque equation

A

Torque=Force*Distance

79
Q

The intent of summation of torques

A

Convert angular joint motion into linear movement of the end segment

80
Q

What does maximum force rely on (3)

A
  1. Timely addition of joint torques
  2. Max torque production at each joint
  3. Participation of all joints possible
81
Q

How does a parallel system work

A

Forces that are parallel but work in the opposite directions cause rotation

82
Q

What does the effort equal

A

Agonist/Mover

83
Q

What does the resistance equal

A

Antagonist

84
Q

What does the fulcrum equal

A

The joint axis

85
Q

What is a first class lever

A

Axis or rotation is between E and R

86
Q

What is a second class lever

A

R is between the xis and E

87
Q

What is a third class lever

A

E is between the axis and R

88
Q

When are second class levers found

A

During eccentric contractions of most joints

89
Q

When are third class levers found

A

During concentric contractions of most joints

90
Q

What are second class levers good for

A

Power and efficiency

91
Q

What are third class levers good for

A

Speed and ROM

92
Q

What is the indicator of efficiency

A

The less effort necessary to overcome a greater resistance the greater the efficiency

93
Q

What efficiency are second class levers

A

Most efficient MAdv>1

94
Q

What efficiency are first class levers

A

Middle efficiency MAdv=1

95
Q

What efficiency are third class levers

A

Least efficient MAdv

96
Q

What is MAdv

A

Mechanical advantage

Kinesio (11 decks)

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