Motion analysis and biomechanical principles Flashcards by Connor Vankouwenberg

What do PTs do

Promote, restore, and enhance function

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How can a PT assess function (3 part one)

Assessment of movement
Assessment of movement components
Assessment of motion segment

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How can a PT assess function (2 part one)

Assessment of task

2. Factors: Environment, Societal, Psychological, and Emotional

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What is assessment of movement

What joint is affected

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What is motion segment

Arthrokinematics

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What does arthrokinematics mean

Within the joint

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How does a PT assess movement

Either dynamic or static assessment then kinetic or kinematic analysis

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What is dynamic assessment

Task in it’s entirety

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What is static assessment

Break task into phases

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What in kinematic analysis

Describing motion (qualitative)

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What is kinetic analysis

Deals with forces (quantitative)

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During rotary or angular motion what happens

Each point on the object moves thru the same angle at the same time at a different constant distance

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During translatory or linear motion what happens

Each point moves thru the same distance at the same time in parallel paths

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What does concomitant mean

Occurring together and at the same time

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True or False:

Gliding motion always occurs

True

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What are the 3 cardinal directions

Frontal/Coronal, Sagittal/Medial, and Transverse/Axial/Horizontal

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What axis does the sagittal plane correspond with

Mediolateral axis

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What axis does the frontal plane correspond with

Anterior posterior axis

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What axis does the transverse plane correspond with

Longitudinal/Vertical axis

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What motion occurs in the sagittal plane

Flexion/Extension

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What motion occurs in the frontal plane

Abduction/Adduction Lateral flexion/Sidebending (L or R spine)

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What motion occurs in the transverse plane

External/Lateral rotation, Internal/Medial rotation, and Rotation (L or R spine)

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What is magnitude measured in

Degrees or radians

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What does degrees per second equal

Angular speed or rate

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What does velocity equal

d/t

Velocity has what

Magnitude and direction

What is velocity without direction

Speed

What is translatory motion quantified by

linear distance

What does kinetics tell us

Why motion is occurring

What is kinetics the study of

Forces

What is an external force

Gravity, perturbation, friction, or wind

What is perturbation

Movement caused by an outside force

What are internal forces

Muscle force

What is the action line/line of action

Fiber orientation of muscle

1lb equals how many newtons

4.448N

What is the force of gravity

32 ft/s2

Weight equals what

What is COG

Center of gravity

Where does COG occur

At the COM

What is LOG

Line of gravity

Where does LOG occur

The perpendicular line from the COG to the supporting surface

True or False: | The more points of contact with the supporting surface the less stable the person

False

Does having COM closer to the floor increase stability or decrease

Increase

What is BOS

Base of support

Increasing the BOS does what to stability

Increases

What does decreasing the coefficient of friction do to stability

Decrease

True or False: | An assistive device decreases the BOS

False

What is the best way to increase the BOS

In the direction of the force or perturbation coming

As velocity increases what happens to stabiltiy

Increases

Going faster in the intended direction causes what to happen stability

Increases

What is FICK

The subtle toe angle of your feet

What is a normal FICK

4-8 degrees

Do older people walk with a wider base of support or narrower

Narrower

What is Newton's first law

Law of inertia, Object at rest remains at rest until acted on by an outside force

What is inertia

Property of an object to resist both the initiation of motion and change in motion

What does inertia relate to in biomechanics

Something at rest

What is Newton's second law

Law of acceleration, acceleration is proportional to the unbalanced force acting on it and the mass of the object

What is Newton's third law

Law of reaction, for every reaction there is an equal and opposite reaction

What is COP

Center of pressure

To change or create momentum there must be what

An external force

What does momentum equal

P=mv

What are the 4 ways to describe motion

1. Location 2. Direction 3. Magnitude 4. Rate or duration

What does location refer to

What is the joint in question or the plane of motion

What does direction refer to

What direction did it move in

What does magnitude refer to

How much, what degree

What does rate or duration refer to

How fast or how long

What is the angle of pull/inclination

Pitch or deflection of a muscle off a bone

What is LA

Lever arm

What is a lever arm

The distance from the point of application of muscle to the axis of rotation

What is the rotary line

Perpendicular line from the lever at the point of application

True or False: | You always put the vector on the more mobile segment

TRUE

What is the moment arm

The perpendicular distance from the line of action to the instantaneous center of rotation or axis of rotation

What is the equation for resistance

Sum of forces=0=Gc+Qc+R

What is the static equilibrium equation

(Q*MAQ)+(Gr*MAGr)

Torque equals what

Moment force

What is moment

A potential

Force applied to produce movement in the body are typically centered or off centered

Off centered

Torque equation

Torque=Force*Distance

The intent of summation of torques

Convert angular joint motion into linear movement of the end segment

What does maximum force rely on (3)

1. Timely addition of joint torques 2. Max torque production at each joint 3. Participation of all joints possible

How does a parallel system work

Forces that are parallel but work in the opposite directions cause rotation

What does the effort equal

Agonist/Mover

What does the resistance equal

Antagonist

What does the fulcrum equal

The joint axis

What is a first class lever

Axis or rotation is between E and R

What is a second class lever

R is between the xis and E

What is a third class lever

E is between the axis and R

When are second class levers found

During eccentric contractions of most joints

When are third class levers found

During concentric contractions of most joints

What are second class levers good for

Power and efficiency

What are third class levers good for

Speed and ROM

What is the indicator of efficiency

The less effort necessary to overcome a greater resistance the greater the efficiency

What efficiency are second class levers

Most efficient MAdv>1

What efficiency are first class levers

Middle efficiency MAdv=1

What efficiency are third class levers

Least efficient MAdv

What is MAdv

Mechanical advantage

Motion analysis and biomechanical principles Flashcards

(96 cards)