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Joint Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

What does you need proximal stability for distal mobility mean

A

You have to have a stable base before you can move

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2
Q

What is dynamic stability

A

Stability in joints while we move on a fluid manor

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3
Q

What does open mean

A

Freedom

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4
Q

What does close mean

A

Fix

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5
Q

What is an open kinematic chain

A

Distal joint segment is free to move while the proximal segment provides stability

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6
Q

What is a closed kinematic chain

A

Distal joint segment is fixed/inhibited while the proximal segments are allowed to move on the stable distal segment

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7
Q

What determines the function of human joints

A

Structure

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8
Q

Development of all anatomical tissues is also determined by what

A

The stresses applied to these tissues

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9
Q

What ultimately determine the function of each joint (4)

A
  1. Shapes of body surfaces
  2. Location of ligament
  3. Muscle attachment
  4. Fiber orientations
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10
Q

If a joint is stable what is its design

A

Simple

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11
Q

If a joint is mobile what is its design

A

Complex

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12
Q

What is joint transegrity

A

Joints in our body have mobility & stability just in varying amounts

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13
Q

What are the 2 broad categories of arthroses

A
  1. Synarthroses/synarthrodial

2. Diarthroses/diarthrodial

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14
Q

Are synarthroses/synarthrodial joints synovial or nonsynovial

A

Nonsynovial

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15
Q

Are diarthroses/diarthrodial joints synovial or nonsynovial

A

Synovial

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16
Q

What are the 2 categories of synarthroses

A
  1. Fibrous

2. Cartilaginous

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17
Q

What are the 3 types of fibrous joints

A
  1. Sutures
  2. Gomphoses
  3. Syndesmoses
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18
Q

What is a suture joint

A

Bone united via collagenous sutural ligament or membrane

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19
Q

Where do sutures occur

A

Only in the skull

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20
Q

What is a gomphosis joint

A

Surfaces adapted like a peg in a hole connected via fibrous tissue

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21
Q

Where are gomphosis joints found

A

Between teeth and mandible only

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22
Q

What are syndesmosis joints

A

Bones joined directly by an interosseous ligament or cord or aponeurotic membrane

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23
Q

What are examples of syndesmosis

A

Between radius and ulna and tibia and fibula

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24
Q

What are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints

A
  1. Symphysis joint

2. Synchondrosis joint

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25
Is a synchondrisis joint secondary cartilaginous or primary cartilaginous
Primary cartilaginous
26
Is a symphysis joint secondary cartilaginous or primary cartilaginous
Secondary cartilaginous
27
What do secondary cartilaginous joints allow
Slight movement
28
What are symphysis joints
Covered by thin lamina of hyaline cartilage and directly joined by fibrocartilage in the form of disks or pads
29
What are examples of symphysis joints
IV joints, Joint between manubrium and sternal body, symphysis pubis of pelvis
30
What are synchondrosis joints
Hyaline cartilage joins the surfaces, forms a bodn at ossifying centers
31
What do synchondrosis joints permit
Growth and some stability and mobility
32
Examples of synchondrosis
In the skull and between 1st rib and sternum
33
What is a diarthroses joint
A joint where the ends of bony components are free to move
34
Are the bones of diarthoses joints attached by CT
No
35
What indirectly connect the bones of diarthroses joints
Joint capsule
36
What are the 5 components of the synovial joint
1. Joint capsule 2. Joint cavity 3. Synovial tissue lining inner capsule face 4. Synovial fluid 5. Hyaline cartilage/AC lining contiguous bones
37
How many layers does the joint capsule have
2
38
What are the 2 layers of the joint capsule
1. Stratum fibrosum | 2. Stratum synovium
39
What is the stratum fibrosum composed of
Fibrous capsule composed of dense CT (DCT), type I collagen, and poorly vascularized but richly innervated
40
What is the stratum synovium composed of
Synovial fluid and highly vascularized and richly innervated
41
True or False: | Most capsules are palpable
False
42
What are the functions of synovial fluid
Reduces friction between bony surfaces and nourishment for the AC
43
What is it called when it takes 30 minutes for the stiffness of a joint to go away
Theaters sign or movie goers sign
44
What is synovial fluid like
Blood plasma
45
What does synovial fluid contain
Hyaluronic acid and lubricin
46
What is hyaluronic acid responsible for
Viscosity of fluid and reduction of friction
47
What is lubricin responsible for
Cartilage on cartilage lubrication
48
True or False: | Lubricin molecules are like magnets of the same pole causing repelling when they get close to each other
True
49
What does viscosity vary with
Joint velocity or rate of shear
50
What is the thixotropic property
Synovial fluid going from a semi-solid state to a fluid state
51
What happens to viscosity and resistance with rapid joint movement
Viscosity increases and resistance decreases
52
What happens to viscosity and resistance with slow joint movement
Viscosity decreases and resistance increases
53
If you increase temp what happens to viscosity
Decreases viscosity
54
If you decrease temp what happens to viscosity
Increases viscosity
55
What is uniaxial
1 plane of motion around 1 axis
56
What is biaxial
2 planes of motion around 2 axes
57
What is multiaxial
3 planes of motion around 3 axes
58
What are the 2 uniaxial diarthodial joints
1. Hinge | 2. Trochoid
59
What is another name for a trochoid joint
Pivot joint
60
Example of hinge joint
Humeroulnar, humeroradial, PIP, and DIP
61
Example of trochoid joint
Median atlantoaxial joint and proximal radioulnar
62
What are the 2 biaxial diarthodial joints
1. Condyloid | 2. Saddle
63
What is a condyloid joint
Concave and convex surfaces slide over one another in 2 directions
64
Example of condyloid joint
MCP joint
65
What is a saddle joint
Each surface is both convex in 1 plane and concave the other
66
Example of saddle joint
1st CMC and SC joint
67
What is an ovoid joint
Any joint with one surface convex while the other is concave
68
What are the triaxial diarthodial joints
Plane joints and ball and socket joint
69
What is a plane joint
Variety of surface configurations and permit gliding between 2 or more bones
70
Examples of plane joints
Facet joints and intercarpal joints
71
What is a ball and socket joint
Convex "ball" into concave "socket"
72
Example of ball and socket joint
Hip and Glenohumeral joint
73
What are the 4 ovoid joints
1. Hinge 2. Trochoid 3. Condyloid 4. Ball and socket
74
What is osteokinematics
Movement of one bony shaft in relation to another
75
What is the neutral or 0 position
Anatomical position
76
What is arthrokinematics
Movement of joint surfaces in relation to each other
77
True or False: | You need regular arthrokinematics to perform normal osteokinematics
True
78
Loss in arthrokinematics may equal what
Loss in gross osteokinematics
79
What is roll
Rolling a ball occurs in the direction of osteokinematic motion
80
What is slide/glide
Direction of motion dependent on joint structure
81
What is spin
Tire spinning on ice
82
What happens when a concave articular surface moves on a relatively stationary convex surface
Roll and slide of the moving (concave) surface occur in the same direction
83
What happens when a convex surface moves on a concave surface
Roll and slide occur in opposite directs
84
True or False: | Joints always roll in the direction of intended motion
True
85
What are the arthrokinematic directions of the frontal plane
Superior/inferior
86
What are the arthrokinematic directions of the transverse plane
Anterior/posterior and medial/lateral
87
What are the arthrokinematic directions of the sagittal plane
Anterior/posterior
88
What is the rule for determining the direction of roll
Look as far away from the joint as possible without crossing a joint
89
True or False: | Rolling always occurs in the same direction the shaft is going
TRUEEEEEEEEE
90
What is an accessory movement
Occurs at the same time as the main motion, allows for more ROM

Kinesio (11 decks)

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