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Kinesio > Joint Structure and Function > Flashcards

Joint Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

What does you need proximal stability for distal mobility mean

A

You have to have a stable base before you can move

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2
Q

What is dynamic stability

A

Stability in joints while we move on a fluid manor

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3
Q

What does open mean

A

Freedom

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4
Q

What does close mean

A

Fix

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5
Q

What is an open kinematic chain

A

Distal joint segment is free to move while the proximal segment provides stability

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6
Q

What is a closed kinematic chain

A

Distal joint segment is fixed/inhibited while the proximal segments are allowed to move on the stable distal segment

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7
Q

What determines the function of human joints

A

Structure

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8
Q

Development of all anatomical tissues is also determined by what

A

The stresses applied to these tissues

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9
Q

What ultimately determine the function of each joint (4)

A
  1. Shapes of body surfaces
  2. Location of ligament
  3. Muscle attachment
  4. Fiber orientations
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10
Q

If a joint is stable what is its design

A

Simple

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11
Q

If a joint is mobile what is its design

A

Complex

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12
Q

What is joint transegrity

A

Joints in our body have mobility & stability just in varying amounts

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13
Q

What are the 2 broad categories of arthroses

A
  1. Synarthroses/synarthrodial

2. Diarthroses/diarthrodial

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14
Q

Are synarthroses/synarthrodial joints synovial or nonsynovial

A

Nonsynovial

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15
Q

Are diarthroses/diarthrodial joints synovial or nonsynovial

A

Synovial

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16
Q

What are the 2 categories of synarthroses

A
  1. Fibrous

2. Cartilaginous

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17
Q

What are the 3 types of fibrous joints

A
  1. Sutures
  2. Gomphoses
  3. Syndesmoses
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18
Q

What is a suture joint

A

Bone united via collagenous sutural ligament or membrane

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19
Q

Where do sutures occur

A

Only in the skull

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20
Q

What is a gomphosis joint

A

Surfaces adapted like a peg in a hole connected via fibrous tissue

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21
Q

Where are gomphosis joints found

A

Between teeth and mandible only

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22
Q

What are syndesmosis joints

A

Bones joined directly by an interosseous ligament or cord or aponeurotic membrane

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23
Q

What are examples of syndesmosis

A

Between radius and ulna and tibia and fibula

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24
Q

What are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints

A
  1. Symphysis joint

2. Synchondrosis joint

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25
Q

Is a synchondrisis joint secondary cartilaginous or primary cartilaginous

A

Primary cartilaginous

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26
Q

Is a symphysis joint secondary cartilaginous or primary cartilaginous

A

Secondary cartilaginous

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27
Q

What do secondary cartilaginous joints allow

A

Slight movement

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28
Q

What are symphysis joints

A

Covered by thin lamina of hyaline cartilage and directly joined by fibrocartilage in the form of disks or pads

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29
Q

What are examples of symphysis joints

A

IV joints, Joint between manubrium and sternal body, symphysis pubis of pelvis

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30
Q

What are synchondrosis joints

A

Hyaline cartilage joins the surfaces, forms a bodn at ossifying centers

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31
Q

What do synchondrosis joints permit

A

Growth and some stability and mobility

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32
Q

Examples of synchondrosis

A

In the skull and between 1st rib and sternum

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33
Q

What is a diarthroses joint

A

A joint where the ends of bony components are free to move

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34
Q

Are the bones of diarthoses joints attached by CT

A

No

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35
Q

What indirectly connect the bones of diarthroses joints

A

Joint capsule

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36
Q

What are the 5 components of the synovial joint

A
  1. Joint capsule
  2. Joint cavity
  3. Synovial tissue lining inner capsule face
  4. Synovial fluid
  5. Hyaline cartilage/AC lining contiguous bones
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37
Q

How many layers does the joint capsule have

A

2

38
Q

What are the 2 layers of the joint capsule

A
  1. Stratum fibrosum

2. Stratum synovium

39
Q

What is the stratum fibrosum composed of

A

Fibrous capsule composed of dense CT (DCT), type I collagen, and poorly vascularized but richly innervated

40
Q

What is the stratum synovium composed of

A

Synovial fluid and highly vascularized and richly innervated

41
Q

True or False:

Most capsules are palpable

A

False

42
Q

What are the functions of synovial fluid

A

Reduces friction between bony surfaces and nourishment for the AC

43
Q

What is it called when it takes 30 minutes for the stiffness of a joint to go away

A

Theaters sign or movie goers sign

44
Q

What is synovial fluid like

A

Blood plasma

45
Q

What does synovial fluid contain

A

Hyaluronic acid and lubricin

46
Q

What is hyaluronic acid responsible for

A

Viscosity of fluid and reduction of friction

47
Q

What is lubricin responsible for

A

Cartilage on cartilage lubrication

48
Q

True or False:

Lubricin molecules are like magnets of the same pole causing repelling when they get close to each other

A

True

49
Q

What does viscosity vary with

A

Joint velocity or rate of shear

50
Q

What is the thixotropic property

A

Synovial fluid going from a semi-solid state to a fluid state

51
Q

What happens to viscosity and resistance with rapid joint movement

A

Viscosity increases and resistance decreases

52
Q

What happens to viscosity and resistance with slow joint movement

A

Viscosity decreases and resistance increases

53
Q

If you increase temp what happens to viscosity

A

Decreases viscosity

54
Q

If you decrease temp what happens to viscosity

A

Increases viscosity

55
Q

What is uniaxial

A

1 plane of motion around 1 axis

56
Q

What is biaxial

A

2 planes of motion around 2 axes

57
Q

What is multiaxial

A

3 planes of motion around 3 axes

58
Q

What are the 2 uniaxial diarthodial joints

A
  1. Hinge

2. Trochoid

59
Q

What is another name for a trochoid joint

A

Pivot joint

60
Q

Example of hinge joint

A

Humeroulnar, humeroradial, PIP, and DIP

61
Q

Example of trochoid joint

A

Median atlantoaxial joint and proximal radioulnar

62
Q

What are the 2 biaxial diarthodial joints

A
  1. Condyloid

2. Saddle

63
Q

What is a condyloid joint

A

Concave and convex surfaces slide over one another in 2 directions

64
Q

Example of condyloid joint

A

MCP joint

65
Q

What is a saddle joint

A

Each surface is both convex in 1 plane and concave the other

66
Q

Example of saddle joint

A

1st CMC and SC joint

67
Q

What is an ovoid joint

A

Any joint with one surface convex while the other is concave

68
Q

What are the triaxial diarthodial joints

A

Plane joints and ball and socket joint

69
Q

What is a plane joint

A

Variety of surface configurations and permit gliding between 2 or more bones

70
Q

Examples of plane joints

A

Facet joints and intercarpal joints

71
Q

What is a ball and socket joint

A

Convex “ball” into concave “socket”

72
Q

Example of ball and socket joint

A

Hip and Glenohumeral joint

73
Q

What are the 4 ovoid joints

A
  1. Hinge
  2. Trochoid
  3. Condyloid
  4. Ball and socket
74
Q

What is osteokinematics

A

Movement of one bony shaft in relation to another

75
Q

What is the neutral or 0 position

A

Anatomical position

76
Q

What is arthrokinematics

A

Movement of joint surfaces in relation to each other

77
Q

True or False:

You need regular arthrokinematics to perform normal osteokinematics

A

True

78
Q

Loss in arthrokinematics may equal what

A

Loss in gross osteokinematics

79
Q

What is roll

A

Rolling a ball occurs in the direction of osteokinematic motion

80
Q

What is slide/glide

A

Direction of motion dependent on joint structure

81
Q

What is spin

A

Tire spinning on ice

82
Q

What happens when a concave articular surface moves on a relatively stationary convex surface

A

Roll and slide of the moving (concave) surface occur in the same direction

83
Q

What happens when a convex surface moves on a concave surface

A

Roll and slide occur in opposite directs

84
Q

True or False:

Joints always roll in the direction of intended motion

A

True

85
Q

What are the arthrokinematic directions of the frontal plane

A

Superior/inferior

86
Q

What are the arthrokinematic directions of the transverse plane

A

Anterior/posterior and medial/lateral

87
Q

What are the arthrokinematic directions of the sagittal plane

A

Anterior/posterior

88
Q

What is the rule for determining the direction of roll

A

Look as far away from the joint as possible without crossing a joint

89
Q

True or False:

Rolling always occurs in the same direction the shaft is going

A

TRUEEEEEEEEE

90
Q

What is an accessory movement

A

Occurs at the same time as the main motion, allows for more ROM

Kinesio (11 decks)

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