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Geography Paper 1 > Most of paper 1 condensed > Flashcards

Most of paper 1 condensed Flashcards

1
Q

What are the factors affecting temperature

A

Albedo effect
Winds and ocean currents redistribute heat around the planet
Cloud cover reflects the suns rays
Altitude-Temperature drops by 6.5degrees celcius for every 1000m in height

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2
Q

What is the Albedo effect

A

How prone a surface is to reflect the suns rays
High albedo surfaces reflect the suns rays like snow
Low albedo absorb the suns rays for example dark green tropical rainforests

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3
Q

What is precipitation

A

Any moisture falling from the atmosphere-rain, hail ,sleet or snow

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4
Q

What are the conditions required for tropical storms

A

Winds that exceed 118km/h
Between 5-15degrees north and south the equator
Ocean temps have to be above 26.5 degrees celcius

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5
Q

What is a drought

A

Long periods of little to no rain leading to water shortages

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6
Q

What are the causes of La nina

A

Stronger trade winds decreasing the sea temperature in the tropical eastern pacific

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7
Q

How often is la nina

A

3-5 years

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8
Q

What are the conseqeunces of La nina

A

Changes to world precipitation patterns
Weaker tropical storms in the Pacific
Stronger tropical storms in the Atlantic
Droughts in South America

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9
Q

What are the causes of El Nino

A

Weaker trade winds increase the seat temperature in the tropical eastern pacific

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10
Q

How often is el nino

A

3-7 years

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11
Q

What are the consequences of El nino

A

Chnages in world precipitation patterns
More tropical storms in the pacific
Fewer tropical storms in the atlantic
More droughts in asia

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12
Q

What is the order of the earths stucture

A

Crust
Mantle
Outter core
Inner core

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13
Q

What moves the earths tectonic plates

A

Convection currents

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14
Q

What happens at conservative plate boundaries

A

Two plates slide past each other at different rates
Does not create any volcanoes as there is no magma
Triggers shallow focus earthquakes

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15
Q

What happens at constructive boundaires

A

Two plates move apart and magma forces uts way to the surface
Causes mild shallow focus earthquakes
Creates Shield Volcanoes

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16
Q

What happens at Destructive plate boundaries

A

Two plates move towards each other
AN oceanic plate is subducted beneath the continental plate
Causes strong, deep focus earthquakes
Creates Composite volcanoes-erupt violently

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17
Q

What happens at collision plate boundaries

A

Creates mountains
Powerful earthquakes

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18
Q

What are examples of natural climate change (Historical sources like diaries)

A

in the 17th centuary the River Thames froze

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19
Q

What are examples of natural climate change
(Ice cores from Antarctica)

A

You can anlayse the CO2 content in the trapped ice and higher levels of CO2 means warmer temperatures

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20
Q

What is Eccentricity (Milankovitch cycle)

A

Every 100,000 years the earth’s orbit changes from almost circular to oval
There are warmer periods in the oval orbit and colder when it is circuar

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21
Q

What is Axial Tilt (milankvitch cycle)

A

Every 41,000 years the tilt of the earths axis moves back and forth between 21.5 degrees and 24.5 degrees
A greater angle of tilt will bring greater tempertures

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22
Q

What is precession (milankovitch cycle)

A

Every 26,000 years the axis wobbles which changes the severity of the seasons

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23
Q

How can volcanic activity effect climate change

A

The ash released by eruptions block out the sun which reduces the earths temperatures

24
Q

What is the greenhouse effect

A

Gases such as CO2, Metahne and water vapour trap heat
It allows short wave radiaton from the sun but traps the long wave radiation

25
What are the human impacts on climate change(enhanced green house effect)
The amount of greenhouse gases have increased due to human activity through agriculture Use of fossile fules and Deforestations
26
What are sunspots
Dark/ reddish spots that appear on the surface of the sun
27
What is the result of more sunspots on the surface of the sun
More sunspots mean the sun is more effective at giving off heat increases sea temperatures
28
What is the evidence for current climate change (glaciers)
Some glaciers may disappear by 2035 Arctic sea ice has thinned by 65% since the mid 1970s
29
What is the evidence for current climate change (Rising sea level)
Glaciers and ice caps melting
30
What is the evidence for current climate change (seasonal change)
Tree flowering and bird migration has advanced Bird nesting is earlier than in the 1970s
31
What does the burning of fossil fuels lead to
Higher levels of CO2 in the atmosphere
32
How has agriculture led to the enhanced greenhouse effect
Livestock emit methane and alot of nitrous oxides come from manure and fertilisers
33
How has deforestation led to the enhanced greenhouse effect
Most of the deforested land is used for more livstock Reduces rates of photosynthesis
34
What are the global impacts of climate change
More extreme wether events More heart related illnesses Reduced crop yield Desertification Changing ecosystems
35
What is a landscape
The things we see when we view the surface of the erath
36
What types of landscapes are there (5)
Natural-geology landforms(mountains) Water-rivers lakes Human-Land uses the built environment and ifrasturcture Transitory-Weather and the seasons Biological-living flora and fauna
37
What is an example of an upland landscape
The Lake District which contains Englands highest mountains Glaciers created U shaped valleys Slope processes including rockfalls and landslides
38
What is an example of a lowland labdscape
The Weald Gently rolling hills in sussex and kent Contains alot of calcium carbonate(chalk)
39
When are Igneous rocks formed Give examples
From cooling deep magma and lava Examples:Granite Quartz Mica and feldsper Basalt
40
When are metamorphic rocks formed Give examples
When sedimentary rocks are heated and compressed Slate Schist Marble
41
When are sedimentary rocks formed Give examples
When sediments are eroded and deposistied from rivers examples Limestone Chalk Clay Sanstone
42
What is the role of the climate (essentially the climate of the uk)
Lowest temp and hgihest preciptation in the uplands Highest temp and lowest preciptation in lowlands
43
What is freeze thaw weathering
The physical breakdown of rocks following a repeated cycle of water in cracks freezing and thawing
44
What is Biological weathering
Caused by plant and tree roots growing in cracks containing water forcing cracks apart
45
What is Chemical Weathering
Acid rain going on alkaline rocks like limestone and weakening it
46
What is erosion
The wearing away of land and removal of rock
47
What is Attrition
The sediments rub and roll together so is worn out and becomes smaller and smoother
48
What is Hydraulic action
Water hitting rocks powerfully
49
What is Abrasion
Sediment hitting the coastal cliffs wearing them down
50
What is solution
Weak acids in water dissolev alkaline rocks
51
What is deposition
Transported sediment is dropped on to the sea or river bed
52
What is an ecosystem
A community of flora and fauna and the physical environment in which they live in
53
What are the layers of a rainforest
Shrub and ground layer Under canopy Upper canopy Emergent trees
54
What are the adaptations animals have in rainforests
Camoflague-Blends the creature with the environment Mimicry-Pretending to be something else Habitat adaptations-Sloths hjave long arms and claws Bright colours and poisens- to warn predators
55
What is the value of tropical rainforests
Around 50m People live there Around 25% of the world's medicine is from there They provide nuts rubber and fruits Act as a carbon sink
56
For the polar environments use the 'What will you find in polar environments' flashcards i also didnt cover beach formations and like meander formations so ur gonna have to do that
oh yes papi

Geography Paper 1 (24 decks)

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