Most missed question exam 3

Question 1

T/F If an individual is infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), then this
individual is considered to have acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Answer 1

FALSE

Question 2

Which of the following cells are produced upon activation of CD4‐containing T cells?

Answer 2

A. Helper T cells
B. Memory T cells
C. Regulatory T cells that help to dampen and regulate
D. All of the above

Question 3

Which of the phases of the infective cycle of the causative agent of malaria is responsible for the
“cyclic” symptoms of this disease?

Answer 3

Erythrocytic phase in red blood cells, where trophozoites feed, lyse red blood cells and infect
additional red blood cells.

Question 4

A patient apparently has aseptic meningitis, where no pathogen cells are visible by staining and
microscopy of a sample of the cerebral spinal fluid. Which of the following is most likely the cause of this
aseptic meningitis?

Answer 4

A virus such as enterovirus

Question 5

Overall, viral infection is the most common form of aseptic meningitis

Answer 5

and enteroviruses are the most common viral cause. Enteroviruses are small, nonenveloped RNA viruses of the picornavirus family with various serotypes

Question 6

Which of the following pathogens is a potential causative agent of pneumonia

Answer 6

A. Streptococcus pneumoniae
B. Legionella pneumophila
C. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
D. Klebsiella pneumoniae
E. All of the above

Question 7

Know these causative agents of pnemonia

Answer 7

A. Streptococcus pneumoniae
B. Legionella pneumophila
C. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
D. Klebsiella pneumoniae
E. All of the above

Question 8

Which of the following best describes opsonization?

Answer 8

Binding of antibodies to an antigen that allows better recognition of a pathogen by phagocytes, thus
enhancing phagocytosis.

Question 9

Which of the following refers to the ability of antibodies to bind to the same epitope on two
different antigens that causes aggregation of the antigens?

Answer 9

Opsonization
B. Neutralization
C. Antitoxin activity
D. AGGULATION!

Question 10

Know these terms

Answer 10

A. Opsonization
B. Neutralization
C. Antitoxin activity
D. Agglutination
E. None of the above

Question 11

Antitoxin

Answer 11

special type of antibody that neutralizes bacterial exotoxins

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a lymphocyte?

Answer 12

B cells B cells, also known as B lymphocytes

Question 13

know what type of cells these are
Red blood cells
B. Platelets
C. Neutrophils
D. Macrophages
E. B cells

Answer 13

Red blood cells
B. Platelets
C. Neutrophils
D. Macrophages
E. B cells

Question 14

What virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae allows it to evade phagocytosis in the lungs?

Answer 14

Ability to live inside lung macrophages.
B. Ability to deactivate T cells and B cells.
C. Formation of biofilms and generation of anaerobic conditions.
D. PRESENCE OF CAPSULE SURROUNDING THE CELL

Question 15

Which of the following are important in activation of T cells?

Answer 15

A. Presentation of antigens to the T cell by an APC (antigen presenting cell).
B. Recognition of the presented antigen by the T cell receptor.
C. Co‐recognition of the MHC Class II protein on the APC by the CD4 receptor on the T cell.
D. ALL OF THE ABOVE

Question 16

Know activation for T cells

Answer 16

know steps

Question 17

Which of the following processes involves small changes in the hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase
(N) antigens due to point mutations and is most responsible for the need to produce a new vaccine for
the influenza virus each year?

Answer 17

antigenic drift

Question 18

Know definitions! A. antigenic drift
B. antigenic shift
C. reverse transcription
D. B cell activation
E. autoimmunity

Answer 18

A. antigenic drift
B. antigenic shift
C. reverse transcription
D. B cell activation
E. autoimmunity

Question 19

Exchange of segments of the RNA genome from two different influenza viruses that infect the same
host can result in ______________, potentially causing large changes in the virus that can result in

Answer 19

antigenic shift

Question 20

E.coli

Answer 20

. A Gram negative bacterium that is a common causative agent of urinary tract infections.

Question 21

Streptococcus mutans

Answer 21

A Gram positive bacterium that is the most important causative agent of dental caries.

Question 22

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer 22

0. A Gram positive bacterium that can cause skin diseases such as impetigo, and strains of which have
   been found to be resistant to methicillin (e.g. MRSA).

Question 23

Plasmodium falciparum

Answer 23

A protozoan that is responsible for the most acute form of malaria

Question 24

Candida albicans

Answer 24

A fungal member of the normal human microbiota and an opportunistic pathogen responsible for
several ADIs and fungal vaginitis