Exam 2 Most missed questions

Question 1

This method is commonly used to introduce a vector‐insert construct into a host bacterial strain, such
as E. coli, in the process of molecular cloning using recombinant DNA technology.

Answer 1

Transformation

Question 2

Know difference between transformation, transduction, and conjugation

Answer 2

Know difference between transformation, transduction, and conjugation

Question 3

Repeated treatment with non‐pressurized steam (at 100 °C) designed to kill vegetative cells and
promote the germination of endospores.

Answer 3

Tyndallization

Question 4

Sterilization treatment at 121 °C under 15 psi pressure for 10‐40 minutes (20 minutes typical)

Answer 4

Autoclaving

Question 5

Know differences between A. Autoclaving
B. Batch pasteurization
C. Tyndallization
D. Filtration
E. Lyophilization

Answer 5

A. Autoclaving
B. Batch pasteurization
C. Tyndallization
D. Filtration
E. Lyophilization

Question 6

Know antibiotics

Answer 6

Methicillin
B. Tetracycline
C. Sulfonamides (sulfa drugs)
D. Polymyxins
E. Ciprofloxacin

Question 7

Methicillin

Answer 7

Targets cell wall synthesis; Useful for treating infections caused by penicillin‐degrading microbes, but
MRSA microbes are resistant to this drug.

Question 8

Tetracycline

Answer 8

Targets protein synthesis; Effective against a wide variety of Gram‐positive and‐negative Bacteria

Question 9

Sulfonamides

Answer 9

Targets folic acid synthesis; Useful for treating shigellosis, urinary tract infections, and some
protozoan infections.

Question 10

Polymyxins

Answer 10

. Targets cell membranes; Useful for treating drug‐resistant Pseudomonas.

Question 11

. Ciprofloxacin

Answer 11

Targets DNA replication and/or transcription; Useful in treating anthrax caused by Bacillus anthracis.

Question 12

Antibacterial drugs are often less toxic to human tissues than antiprotozoal and
antihelminthic because of the high degree of similarity between human cells and various pathogenic
bacteria.

Answer 12

FALSE

Question 13

The “post‐antibiotic era” refers to a time in the near future when all infectious
diseases will be eliminated and there will no longer be a need for antibiotics.

Answer 13

FALSE

Question 14

While all penicillins share a core beta‐lactam ring structure, modifications to this
structure have resulted in semisynthetic antimicrobials that affect very different targets in the cell (DNA
replication, transcription, translation, or folic acid synthesis) but do not change the spectrum or the
stability of the drug.

Answer 14

FALSE

Question 15

Which of the following enzymes binds to a promotor and synthesizes an RNA strand from a DNA
template during transcription?

Answer 15

RNA polymerase

Question 16

Know these parts: DNA polymerase I
B. DNA polymerase III
C. RNA primase
D. RNA polymerase
E. Transcriptional regulator

Answer 16

DNA polymerase I
B. DNA polymerase III
C. RNA primase
D. RNA polymerase
E. Transcriptional regulator

Question 17

When two single strands of DNA form a double‐stranded DNA molecule, they do so in a(n) ________
fashion

Answer 17

A) antiparallel

Question 18

know these parts 
A)antiparallel
B) parallel
C) conservative
D) semi‐conservative

Answer 18

A)antiparallel
B) parallel
C) conservative
D) semi‐conservative

Question 19

Which of the following methods of chemical control of microbial growth is a high‐level germicide that is capable of sterilization (if used at appropriate concentrations and exposure time)?

Answer 19

Treatment with halogens including iodine or chlorine

Question 20

know these terms:
Nosocomial infection
B. Systemic infection
C. Polymicrobial infection
D. Acute infection
E. Chronic infection

Answer 20

Nosocomial infection
B. Systemic infection
C. Polymicrobial infection
D. Acute infection
E. Chronic infection

Question 21

All pathogens must make contact with the correct _________ before they can establish themselves
and cause disease.

Answer 21

A. portal of entry

Question 22

7. What is a nosocomial infection?

Answer 22

C. An infection that is resistant to all known antibiotics.

Question 23

Which of the following could potentially be considered a virulence factor?

Answer 23

) Presence of a capsule that protects the pathogen from phagocytosis by phagocytes.

Question 24

. Which of the following terms is used to describe lipopolysaccharide components of the Gram
negative outer membrane that have systemic effects (fever, inflammation) on the host, cannot be
inactivated by heating, and that are released during cell lysis?

Answer 24

Antiphagocytic factor

Question 25

terms meaning? Endotoxin
B. Exotoxin
C. Exoenzyme
D. Antiphagocytic factor
E. None of the above

Answer 25

Endotoxin
B. Exotoxin
C. Exoenzyme
D. Antiphagocytic factor
E. None of the above

Question 26

. What is the term for the clear areas
around discs of antibiotics A, B, D, and E
where S. aureus did not grow?

Answer 26

. Therapeutic indices

Question 27

transformation (uptake of naked DNA,indirect

Answer 27

Transformation

Question 28

Transduction:

Answer 28

DNA carried from one bacterium to another via a bacteriophage

Question 29

Conjugation:

Answer 29

Requires the attachment of two related species and the formation of a bridge from a donor to a recipient cell that can transport DNA

Question 30

Phase variation
B. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
C. Gel electrophoresis
D. Restriction endonuclease
E. DNA ligase

Answer 30

Phase variation
B. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
C. Gel electrophoresis
D. Restriction endonuclease
E. DNA ligase