More Organs Of The Endocrine System-note 12

Question 1

Calcitonin

Answer 1

Thyroid hormones

Regulates the blood concentration of calcium by causing calcium to be taken up by bones

Question 2

Goiter

Answer 2

Too little thyroid hormones cause constant thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) release of thyroid cell

Question 3

Hypothyroidism

Answer 3

(Cretinism in infants).

Stunted growth, slow mental processing, sluggishness, weight gain in adults

Question 4

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 4

Restlessness, weight loss, anxiety and bulging eyes

—>over producing metabolism all the time

Question 5

Parathyroid glands

Answer 5

Located behind thyroid

-Help maintain calcium and phosphorus (bone formation)

Question 6

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer 6

Takes calcium from the bones to make it available in the blood

Question 7

Adrenal glands

Answer 7

Organs located above each kidney

Outer portion called adrenal cortex
Inner portion is called adrenal medulla

Question 8

Tri-iodtgyronine (T3)

Thyroxine (T4)- because it has 4 iodine atoms

Answer 8

Thyroid hormones

Both increase the rate at which cells release energy from carbs, fats, and protein

Question 9

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Answer 9

Increased heart hate, breathing rate, elevated blood pressure (flight or fight response to stress )

In adrenal medulla

Question 10

Aldosterone

Answer 10

Helps kidneys conserve sodium and excrete potassium maintaining blood pressure

Hormone in adrenal cortex

Question 11

Cortisol

Answer 11

Keeps blood glucose levels stable by increasing glucose levels

Hormone in adrenal cortex

Question 12

Adrenal sex hormone

Answer 12

Androgens (male)
Estrogens (female)

Hormone in adrenal cortex

Question 13

Cushings disease

Answer 13

Hypersecretion of cortisol

Blood glucose remains high, retains too much sodium, puffy skin, masculinizing effects in women

Question 14

Addison’s disease

Answer 14

Hyposecretion of cortisol

Decreased blood sodium, dehydration, low blood pressure, increased skin pigmentation

Question 15

Pancreas

Answer 15

Large gland behind stomach

Contains cells called islets of langerhaans which secrete glucagon and insulin

Question 16

Glucagon

Answer 16

Stimulus liver to break down glycogen; raises blood sugar concentration

In pancreas

Question 17

Insulin

Answer 17

Decreases blood sugar concentrations affects the uptake of glucose by cells

Question 18

Diabetes mellitus

Answer 18

Results from an insulin deficiency, blood sugar rises (hyperglycaemia) and excess is excreted in the urine

Question 19

Diabetes type 1

Answer 19

Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus or juvenile onset diabetes, often caused by inherited immune disorder that destroys pancreatic cells

Question 20

Diabetes type 2

Answer 20

Mature onset diabetes
Often individuals are overweight
Can be controlled with diet and exercise

Question 21

Result = Decrease blood sugar

Answer 21

Insulin is secreted by beta cells in islets of langerhaans

Question 22

Result = Increase in blood sugar

Answer 22

Glucagon is secreted by alpha cells in langerhaans