More Organs Of The Endocrine System-note 12 Flashcards
Calcitonin
Thyroid hormones
Regulates the blood concentration of calcium by causing calcium to be taken up by bones
Goiter
Too little thyroid hormones cause constant thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) release of thyroid cell
Hypothyroidism
(Cretinism in infants).
Stunted growth, slow mental processing, sluggishness, weight gain in adults
Hyperthyroidism
Restlessness, weight loss, anxiety and bulging eyes
—>over producing metabolism all the time
Parathyroid glands
Located behind thyroid
-Help maintain calcium and phosphorus (bone formation)
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Takes calcium from the bones to make it available in the blood
Adrenal glands
Organs located above each kidney
Outer portion called adrenal cortex
Inner portion is called adrenal medulla
Tri-iodtgyronine (T3)
Thyroxine (T4)- because it has 4 iodine atoms
Thyroid hormones
Both increase the rate at which cells release energy from carbs, fats, and protein
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Increased heart hate, breathing rate, elevated blood pressure (flight or fight response to stress )
In adrenal medulla
Aldosterone
Helps kidneys conserve sodium and excrete potassium maintaining blood pressure
Hormone in adrenal cortex
Cortisol
Keeps blood glucose levels stable by increasing glucose levels
Hormone in adrenal cortex
Adrenal sex hormone
Androgens (male)
Estrogens (female)
Hormone in adrenal cortex
Cushings disease
Hypersecretion of cortisol
Blood glucose remains high, retains too much sodium, puffy skin, masculinizing effects in women
Addison’s disease
Hyposecretion of cortisol
Decreased blood sodium, dehydration, low blood pressure, increased skin pigmentation
Pancreas
Large gland behind stomach
Contains cells called islets of langerhaans which secrete glucagon and insulin
Glucagon
Stimulus liver to break down glycogen; raises blood sugar concentration
In pancreas
Insulin
Decreases blood sugar concentrations affects the uptake of glucose by cells
Diabetes mellitus
Results from an insulin deficiency, blood sugar rises (hyperglycaemia) and excess is excreted in the urine
Diabetes type 1
Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus or juvenile onset diabetes, often caused by inherited immune disorder that destroys pancreatic cells
Diabetes type 2
Mature onset diabetes
Often individuals are overweight
Can be controlled with diet and exercise
Result = Decrease blood sugar
Insulin is secreted by beta cells in islets of langerhaans
Result = Increase in blood sugar
Glucagon is secreted by alpha cells in langerhaans
