more about acid base catalysis

Question 1

General acid catalysis

Answer 1

• acid donates H to a negative charge on the transition state

Question 2

general base catalysis

Answer 2

• base removes a H from positive charge on TS

Question 3

Why is a strong Acid and base most effective

Answer 3

most protons to give and best ability to remove protons

Question 4

SPECIFIC acid base catalysis

Answer 4

specifically limiting self to the solvent… one option that is the solvent.
rate is proportional to the protonated solvent, therefore the rate changes with pH…. doesnt really apply to enzymes because most of the time the active site is closed off to the aqueous environment

Question 5

how is rate impacted by sabc

Answer 5

acid catalyst in SABC only impacts the rate by shifting the equilirbium between the solvent and the acid in favor of protonated solvent. For the base, it shifts the equilibrium in favor of deprotonated solvent.

If a rxn includes two unreactive nucleophiles / electrophiles, the rate of the reaction can be increased by increasing/decreasing pH of the solvent. Ex: Water as a nucleophile is less reactive than hydroxide as you increase pH.