Mordern Theories Of Development Flashcards
About Piaget 1930
Existing cognitive schemas. Conflict-disequilibrium . Accommodation is used to modify schemes in order to reinstate equilibrium.
Weaknesses: stage model- is children really at a particular stage?
Understates contribution of the social world
Vague about cognitive mechanisms that produce cognitive growth
Child develop in steps, linear increase, domain general, no variability
What sociocultural theories of development
Guided participation: humans are viewed differently to other animals , teach their offspring and learn from others
Social scaffolding: more competetent people provide scaffolding that lead children to higher order thinking.
Internalisation: knowledge socially constructed gradually becomes internalised
What is micro-genetic method
Child observeref over multiple sessions attacking the same problems to see change
What’s the conputer analogy
Computer is limited by its hardware(memory capacity, efficiency) and software (strategies used), child developments are continuous in small increments not stage like
What did sigler 1966
Critique of Piaget:
Intra-individual variability (switching between strategies at same point in development e.g. Crawl or slide down slide
Children develop in waves, u-shaped/over-lapping, domain-specific, has variability
What did siegler and Jenkins 1989 do?
Micro genetic study
4/5 year old children. 11 weeks 3 sesssions a week
Sum-strategy:counting from one using theories
Min-strategy: counting on from larger number
Most children use six strategies at once.
Gradually begin to use min-strategy
Practice effects
What is the balance scale problem? (Understanding centration)
Piaget used to see if children have certain underlying mental capacities
Constructed conditions and could tell which rules child was using. Able to detect partial knowledge through certain rules e.g. Look how many dimensions they consider
What is processinf space
Working memory, a child’s mental capacity to process info
What is operatjng space
The mental energy the child needs to have in order to solve a cognitive task, carrying out operations
What is storage space?
The storage capacity for saving temporary results whilst other cognitive processes are being carried out
How can more information be learnt?
Items can be chunked to increase processing capacity/speed
What does myelination do?
Helps speed processing and increases the child’s ability to rule out distraction
What is connectionism?
Connectionist networks are special computer programs that stimulate networks of neurons in the human brain. Gradual strengthening in neural networks.
Domain general
Has units (analogies-neurons) organized as layers of units (input receives and output
Parallel processing as patterns of connectivity are crutial, weutghtings are crucial and change with learning, distributed representations (knowledge don’t reside at a particular location)
U-shape learnjng
Make location a not b error at 9/10 months, Piaget says not object permenance she a yet
But eye gaze shows right location before Movement
What’s fodor theory? 1983
Domain specific, encapsulated (each module works independalrt and unaffected by other modules), automatic processing
What’s autism?
Deficit in some socio-cognitive abilities
