Cognitive Processing Flashcards

1
Q

What is cognition?

A

Inner processes and products that leads to knowing . Physical brain is the hardware, function of the brain is the software

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2
Q

What are pushers stages of cognitive development?

A

Sensorimotor intelligence-0-2 years
Preooerational thought- 2-7tears
Concrete operational though-7-11 years
Formal operational 11+

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3
Q

What age do children start to remember events

A

3-3.5 years

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4
Q

What are the two main types of memory

A

Declarative (semantic and episodic)

Procedural (begin as conscious effort, then become automatic)

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5
Q

What did fagan (1970) do?

A

Showed infants aged 3 months displayed evidence of recognition memory

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6
Q

What did DeCasoer and fifer (1990) do

A

Test recognition in 1-3 day old infants. Could recognise mother from 12 hours

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7
Q

What did Morgan and hayne (2006) do?

A

Presented visual displays with two identical pictures. Familsation lasted 5/10/30s. Recognition assessed immediately, 24 hours or 1 week
Found older children get need less time to encode info and can retain memories over longer intervals

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8
Q

What is intelligence quotient?

A

Iq is worked out by dividing persins mental age by their chronological age
Now known as Stanford-Binet test

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9
Q

What tests are used to test intelligence now?

A

The WASI test for children

The WAIS test for adults

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10
Q

What is verbal iq made frkm?

A

Verbal comprehension index and working memory index

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11
Q

What is performance iq?

A

Perceptual organisation index and processing speed index

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12
Q

What can the violation of expectation paradigm be used to explore?

A

Look at age in life display knowledge of physics al world and awareness of numeracy
Look at reaction times of possible and impossible events

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13
Q

What age did Piaget say children understand objects exist out of sight?

A

8 months

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14
Q

What is the drawbridge task?

A

Impossible event is more similar to habituation than possible event.
Look at impossible event from 3.5 months (baillargein and de vos (1991). Suggests they understand the physical world, dimensions and occulsion

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15
Q

What did Kaufman et al (2003) do?

A

Found doing EEGs that activity was found associated with unexpected events in 6 month olds

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16
Q

What is wynn (1995) do?

A

Infants aged 4/5 months look longer at impossible outcomes suggesting understanding of addition/subtraction

17
Q

What did Quinn and Roma’s (1996) do?

A

Categorisation in 3-4 month olds in EEGs. Can catagorise geometric patterns, furniture…

18
Q

What brain area is activated most by faces?

A

Face fusifirm area

19
Q

What happens when have prosooagnosia?

A

Face blindness, inability to recognize other humans by their faces

20
Q

What are the two types of facial processing?

A

Configurual processing (perceiving relations of objects e.g. Nose, mouth…) vs featural processing (analytical)

21
Q

What is the inversion effect?

A

Faces are recognized more accurately and faster presented in the right orientation (yin,1969)
Disruption of configurational processing

22
Q

What did Johnson and Morton 1991 find?

A

Preference for face schema at birth

23
Q

What did Kelly et al 2015 do?

A

Tested preferences for faces and 0 and 3 month old infants, no race preference at birth, 3 month prefer own race

24
Q

What is perceptual narrowing?

A

At 0-9 months have a broad processing capacity, barorowed caosctjt from 9-12 months- some plascity retained

25
Q

What did le grand et al 2001 find?

A

Deprecation of patterned visual info in early infancy left permanent deficits in configural processing

26
Q

What did Augusta 2007 do?

A

Raise monkeys with no exposure to faces for 6-24 months, but received rich visual environments. Exposed to human or monkey faces