Cognitive Processing Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is cognition?
Inner processes and products that leads to knowing . Physical brain is the hardware, function of the brain is the software
What are pushers stages of cognitive development?
Sensorimotor intelligence-0-2 years
Preooerational thought- 2-7tears
Concrete operational though-7-11 years
Formal operational 11+
What age do children start to remember events
3-3.5 years
What are the two main types of memory
Declarative (semantic and episodic)
Procedural (begin as conscious effort, then become automatic)
What did fagan (1970) do?
Showed infants aged 3 months displayed evidence of recognition memory
What did DeCasoer and fifer (1990) do
Test recognition in 1-3 day old infants. Could recognise mother from 12 hours
What did Morgan and hayne (2006) do?
Presented visual displays with two identical pictures. Familsation lasted 5/10/30s. Recognition assessed immediately, 24 hours or 1 week
Found older children get need less time to encode info and can retain memories over longer intervals
What is intelligence quotient?
Iq is worked out by dividing persins mental age by their chronological age
Now known as Stanford-Binet test
What tests are used to test intelligence now?
The WASI test for children
The WAIS test for adults
What is verbal iq made frkm?
Verbal comprehension index and working memory index
What is performance iq?
Perceptual organisation index and processing speed index
What can the violation of expectation paradigm be used to explore?
Look at age in life display knowledge of physics al world and awareness of numeracy
Look at reaction times of possible and impossible events
What age did Piaget say children understand objects exist out of sight?
8 months
What is the drawbridge task?
Impossible event is more similar to habituation than possible event.
Look at impossible event from 3.5 months (baillargein and de vos (1991). Suggests they understand the physical world, dimensions and occulsion
What did Kaufman et al (2003) do?
Found doing EEGs that activity was found associated with unexpected events in 6 month olds
What is wynn (1995) do?
Infants aged 4/5 months look longer at impossible outcomes suggesting understanding of addition/subtraction
What did Quinn and Roma’s (1996) do?
Categorisation in 3-4 month olds in EEGs. Can catagorise geometric patterns, furniture…
What brain area is activated most by faces?
Face fusifirm area
What happens when have prosooagnosia?
Face blindness, inability to recognize other humans by their faces
What are the two types of facial processing?
Configurual processing (perceiving relations of objects e.g. Nose, mouth…) vs featural processing (analytical)
What is the inversion effect?
Faces are recognized more accurately and faster presented in the right orientation (yin,1969)
Disruption of configurational processing
What did Johnson and Morton 1991 find?
Preference for face schema at birth
What did Kelly et al 2015 do?
Tested preferences for faces and 0 and 3 month old infants, no race preference at birth, 3 month prefer own race
What is perceptual narrowing?
At 0-9 months have a broad processing capacity, barorowed caosctjt from 9-12 months- some plascity retained
