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PTE > Moral Principles > Flashcards

Moral Principles Flashcards

1
Q

Pope on rules and knowledge

A

We must be careful not to dismiss the rules because we think we know better

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2
Q

Tillich on rules

A

Rules are not meant to be slavishly adhered to

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3
Q

Pope on understanding love

A

To understand love is to understand the laws in their true meaning

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4
Q

Mouw on laws

A

The law of love does not necessarily hold greater weight than other laws

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5
Q

Concern about temptation

A

How does one avoid using love to justify illicit relationships?

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6
Q

Potential dangers of love as a principle

A

Could lead to selfish and individualistic actions, breaking important rules

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7
Q

Support for co-operation

A

Loving many individuals requires co-operation, communally and perhaps democratically

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8
Q

Agape as an ethical principle

A

Powerful and self-sacrificial, but complex and requiring justice and wisdom as part of it

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9
Q

Pope Francis on recognising human dignity in ‘The Joy of Love’

A

“Love inspires a sincere esteem for every human being and the recognition of his or her own right to happiness”

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10
Q

Exodus 20:17

A

“You shall not covet your neighbour’s wife”

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11
Q

Love in commandments

A

Love means fulfilling the last 2 commandments of God’s law

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12
Q

Pope Francis on compassionate approach

A

Advocates for a compassionate approach, acknowledging both wisdom in rules and realism in difficulties

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13
Q

Pope Francis on authority in ‘The Joy of Love’

A

“Nor it is helpful to try to impose rules by sheer authority”

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14
Q

Pope Francis on authority in ‘The Joy of Love’

A

“Nor it is helpful to try to impose rules by sheer authority”

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15
Q

G.K Chesterton’s quote

A

“Tradition is the democracy of the dead”

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16
Q

Risk of agape application

A

Taking agape love too far could be overly permissive

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17
Q

Tillich on rules and love

A

Rules have some bearing but must always be interpreted through love, balanced with the wisdom of moral rules as a corrective to subjectivity

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18
Q

Tillich on individual deliberation

A

Moral action is where individuals actualise themselves as persons, giving ultimate authority to the individual’s own deliberations

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19
Q

Tillich on traditional laws

A

“Laws of religions, nations, and society embody traditional laws” and should not be applied abstractly to every situation

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20
Q

Tillich on the voice of situations

A

Each situation has its own voice that cries out, which can be heard if driven by love

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21
Q

Tillich on moral situations

A

Love needs to act in the immediate, concrete moral situation, not hypotheticals

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22
Q

Paul Tillich in ‘Ethical Principles of Moral Action’

A

Critical of Christian moral decision-making that follows rules, calling it Moral Puritanism

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23
Q

Dimensions of agape love

A

Agape includes eros – love of the true, good, and beautiful; philia – love of friendship and trust; libido – sexual love

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24
Q

Paul Tillich on love’s connection

A

Love is a continuous desire to break through isolation connected to every person

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25
Q

Paul Tillich on ethics

A

Ethical norms such as justice, love, and wisdom should work together. Love is most important, guided by wisdom and having justice as its backbone

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26
Q

Rudolf Bultmann quote

A

“God is love” is more than an idea, it is concrete content. “God forgives sin”

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27
Q

Rudolf Bultmann on Christian morality

A

The challenge is to move beyond laws and judgements to forgiveness based on love

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28
Q

Prophetic Christianity

A

Insists on the ideal of love in morality – ultimate law of life is love

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29
Q

Orthodox Christianity

A

Denies relevance of love in ordinary moral matters, reducing morality to conformity of tradition

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30
Q

1 John 4:8

A

“God is love”

31
Q

1 Corinthians 13:13

A

“faith, hope and love. But the greatest of these is love”

32
Q

1 Corinthians 13:4-8

A

“Love is patient, love is kind… it does not dishonour others”

33
Q

Luke 6:35

A

“But love your enemies”

34
Q

Mark 12:28-31

A

“Love your neighbour as yourself”

35
Q

What is an example provided by the Catholic Church regarding not dismissing rules?

A

Artificial contraception.

36
Q

What is the Catholic Church’s stance on following rules?

A

It’s not that we need to slavishly follow rules but rather that we shouldn’t dismiss them because we think we know better.

37
Q

How do Tillich and the Pope’s views on love differ from Fletcher’s?

A

They believe we need scripture to help us understand what love is.

38
Q

What does Fletcher believe about love?

A

We know what love is without the need for scripture.

39
Q

What insight does Tillich provide about rules?

A

An insight into the past about what love is.

40
Q

What is Tillich’s view on rules in ethics?

A

Rules don’t themselves carry any weight and shouldn’t be slavishly adhered to.

41
Q

How did Calvin align with Augustinian theology?

A

Calvin focused on the sovereignty of God and believed in predestination, aligning with Augustinian deep humility.

42
Q

Which theological stance is seen as more authentic by Protestants?

A

Protestants view Augustine as a more authentic Christian than Aquinas.

43
Q

What was Cardinal Newman’s stance on reason?

A

Cardinal Newman thought reason was arrogant and prioritized conscience, considered to be God-given, over human logic.

44
Q

What is Divine Law according to Aquinas?

A

Scripture that tells us things about God that reason alone cannot discern.

45
Q

How did Aquinas view the role of reason in understanding God?

A

Aquinas believed that reason alone was not sufficient and that revelation was also necessary due to human fallibility.

46
Q

What was Augustine’s view on reason and conscience?

A

Augustine believed that conscience is God giving you knowledge you cannot hope to possess without Him and that relying on human reason is a sign of arrogance.

47
Q

What was the Pelagian controversy?

A

It claimed that human beings weren’t corrupted by the fall and can do good without divine intervention.

48
Q

What did the Council of Carthage in 418 state?

A

Without God, man can do no good.

49
Q

What was the Council of Trent known for?

A

Issuing the Canon that defined the authoritative books of the Bible, including the Apocrypha in some Catholic Bibles.

50
Q

What does ‘Evangelical’ mean etymologically?

A

Derived from ‘eu’ (good) and ‘angelion’ (news), meaning ‘good news’ or ‘gospel’.

51
Q

Why do some Christians believe in the inerrancy of scripture?

A

They believe the Bible is free from error, directly inspired by God, valuable for moral guidance.

52
Q

What is the principle of Agape in Christianity?

A

The idea that love (agape) is the central Christian ethical principle, underpinning all teachings of Jesus.

53
Q

What concept did Tillich emphasize regarding Christian ethical principles?

A

He suggested that rules should not be slavishly adhered to but seen as insights into what love is.

54
Q

What does ‘Sola Scriptura’ mean?

A

A belief that the Bible is the only source of authority for Christians, primarily held by Protestants.

55
Q

Who was John Calvin?

A

A Protestant theologian with Augustinian beliefs, particularly in predestination and the sovereignty of God.

56
Q

What is ‘Christian reason’ and its critique?

A

The use of reason to understand moral knowledge, though criticized by Augustine and others who argue it shows arrogance.

57
Q

What is the doctrine of Papal infallibility?

A

The belief that the Pope is divinely inspired and his interpretations are infallible.

58
Q

What is Apostolic Succession?

A

The succession of messengers in the Church, with each apostle passing on their knowledge through chosen successors.

59
Q

How do Catholics view scripture and tradition?

A

Tradition first, scripture second. Oral traditions were safeguarded before being written down, with the Church as the guardian of the message.

60
Q

How do Methodists view scripture?

A

As an account of the early Church’s authenticity, placing scripture behind tradition for an example of true early Christian practice.

61
Q

What is Prima Scriptura?

A

A principle asserting that scripture comes first, but tradition is important for correctly interpreting it.

62
Q

How do Anglicans view scripture?

A

As a guiding tool to help the community reflect on its teachings, prioritized over tradition but used collectively for interpretation.

63
Q

What is the Bible’s role in Christian moral principles according to Evangelicals?

A

The Bible is taken literally and trusted to provide straightforward moral guidance without additional interpretation.

64
Q

What is Non-propositional knowledge?

A

Knowledge gained through personal experience and practical engagement, like procedural knowledge.

65
Q

What is Propositional knowledge?

A

Knowledge about knowing or accepting that something is so with truth value, conveyed through language.

66
Q

What are the five key questions Richard Hays raises about Biblical hermeneutics?

A

Accuracy of texts, range of texts, particular selections, text management, and focal images.

67
Q

What is Hermeneutics?

A

The study of how we ought to interpret the Bible.

68
Q

Who are Karl Barth and Dietrich Bonhoeffer?

A

Theologians influenced by the happenings in Germany, who saw human error in religion.

69
Q

How did Barth view human understanding of God?

A

Barth felt humans can’t be trusted to understand God and His will, advocating for listening to God’s guidance.

70
Q

What was Bonhoeffer’s approach to Christianity?

A

Put more power into the hands of individuals, shifting away from institutional religion.

71
Q

What was Karl Barth’s view on Bonhoeffer’s approach?

A

He believed Bonhoeffer’s approach contained too much of his own work.

72
Q

Who was Karl Barth?

A

A fideist theologian who denied human ability to understand God.

73
Q

Amanuensis

A

Literal word of God

74
Q

Self-authenticating

A

When read, it make sense and no one is required to interpret it

PTE (12 decks)

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