Monocular cues

Question 1

Geometric Perspective: Define/sub-concepts

Answer 1

• Different shapes based on distance and altitude
  
  • L-Linear perspective: Parallel lines tend to converge as distance increases- railroad tracks coming together in the distance.
  • A-Apparent foreshortening: Object appears oval or narrow at a distance and low altitude- Lake appears small from the ground at a distance.
  • V-Vertical position in the field: Objects or terrain features at greater distances appear higher on the horizon. - Formation of aircraft, furthest one appears higher than the closest one.

Question 2

Retinal Image Size: (Define/sup-concepts)

Answer 2

• Used in distance estimation, a viewed object is perceived to be a certain size.
  
  • K- Known size of objects: nearer the object, larger its retinal image.
  • I- Increasing/decreasing size: increases in size, it is getting closer.
  • T- Terrestrial association: Comparison of known sizes determines relative size and distance.
  • O- Overlapping contours: an object partially concealed is behind the object concealing it.

Question 3

Aerial perspective: (define/sub-concepts)

Answer 3

• Clarity and shadows are used as cues for estimating distance.
  
  • F- fading colors or shades: colors appear to fade with distance.
  • L- loss of detail or texture: sharpness and clarity is lost with distance.
  • P- Position of light source: direction and size of shadow determines position.

Question 4

Motion parallax: (define)

Answer 4

-Apparent, relative motion of stationary objects as viewed by a moving observer. - Most important.

Question 5

What are the monocular cues?

Answer 5

(GRAM)

• Geometric perspective
• Retinal Image Size
• Aerial Perspective
• Motion Parallax

Question 6

Linear perspective:

Answer 6

(Geometric perspective)

-Parallel lines tend to converge as distance increases i.e. railroad tracks.

Question 7

Apparent foreshortening:

Answer 7

(Geometric Perspective)

-Object appears oval or narrow at a distance and low altitude. Lake appears small from the ground at a distance.

Question 8

Vertical position in the field:

Answer 8

(Geometric perspective)

-Objects or terrain features at greater distances appear higher on the horizon. i.e. a formation of aircraft, furthest one appears higher on the horizon.

Question 9

Known size of objects:

Answer 9

(Retinal image size)

-Nearer the object, larger its retinal image.

Question 10

Increasing/decreasing size:

Answer 10

(Retinal image size)

-Increases in size, its getting closer.

Question 11

Terrestrial association:

Answer 11

(Retinal image size)

-Comparison of known sizes determines relative size and distance.

Question 12

Overlapping contours:

Answer 12

(Retinal image size)

-An object partially concealed is behind the object concealing it.

Question 13

Fading colors or shades:

Answer 13

(Aerial perspective)

-Colors appear to fade with distance.

Question 14

Loss of detail or texture:

Answer 14

(Aerial perspective)

-Sharpness and clarity is lost with distance.

Question 15

Position of light source:

Answer 15

(Aerial perspective)

-Direction and size of shadow determines position.