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Surg Pro > monitoring > Flashcards

monitoring Flashcards

1
Q

stage 1 premed

A

decreases need for induction agents and anesthetics, place IV during this stage, we monitor HR, RR, perfusion, pulse, drooling/ vomit, sedation, reactions

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2
Q

stage 2 induction

A

injectable anesthetic to yield unconscious state, can be masked with inhalant anesthetic, intubate prior to this, we monitor HR, RR, MM, CRT, pulse, CNS reflex

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3
Q

stage 3 maintenance

A

pain free, iso or sevo for inhalant, IV fluids, and pain management, we monitor HR, RR, perfusion, MM, CRT, CO2 and O2, BP, CNS reflexes, temp

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4
Q

stage 4 recovery

A

inhalant turned off to extubation, vitals monitored until fully awake, quiet warm area, highest morbidity, we monitor HR, RR, CRT, MM, pulses, temp, CNS signs, BP

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5
Q

no equipment can replace…

A

human observation

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6
Q

eye position

A

start central then move rostroventral and then back to center as they get deeper

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7
Q

eye position is ineffective if P receives…

A

dissociative drug (ketamine)

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8
Q

four planes of anesthesia are

A

induction, excitement, operative, and danger

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9
Q

induction stage

A

pupils react to light, pulse is irregular but bp is normal

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10
Q

excitement stage

A

pupil has more reaction to light, pulse is irregular and fast, BP is high

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11
Q

operative stage

A

pupil has no reaction to light, pulse is steady and slow, BP is normal

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12
Q

danger stage

A

pupils are extremely large, no reaction to light, pulse is weak and thready, BP is low

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13
Q

suitable depth of anesthesia for surgery

A

Stage III plane II; regular shallow resp., BP and Hr mildly decreased, relaxed muscle tone, pedal and swallowing absent, ventromedial eye rotation, moderate pupil size

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14
Q

plane I (light)

A

not suitable for surgery, involuntary limb movement, eyes rotate ventrally, pupils constrict, reflexes present but decreased response

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15
Q

Stage III plane III (deep)

A

deep anesthesia, excessive for most procedures, low HR and RR, reduced pulse, increased CRT, poor light reflex, dilated pupils, reflexes absent

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16
Q

Stage III plane 4

A

early anesthesia overdose, abdominal breathing, fully dilated pupils, dry eyes, all reflexes absent, depression of CVS, pale MM, flaccid muscle tone

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17
Q

stage 5

A

overdose, cessation of RR, circulatory collapse, death, resuscitate immediately

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18
Q

sinus arrhythmias

A

HR coordination with respiratory, decrease during expiration, increase during inspiration, abnormal in cats

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19
Q

sinus bradycardia

A

abnormally slow heart rate, common during anesthesia, reverse with anticholinergics

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20
Q

sinus tachycardia

A

abnormally fast heart rate, inadequate anesthesia, drug reaction, Sx stim, treat according to cause

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21
Q

atrial fibrillation

A

fine, undulating baseline, absence of P wave, tachycardia, irregular QRS intervals

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22
Q

ventricular fibrillation

A

undulating baseline, absence of QRS (very squiggly curvy lines)

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23
Q

pulseless electrical activity

A

cessation of heart contractions or pulse with normal EKG, associated with cardiac arrest

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24
Q

mean arterial pressure (MAP)

A

average pressure through cardiac cycle, indicator of perfusion to organs (> 60 mmHg)

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25
Q

pale MM

A

poor perfusion, anemia, blood loss

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26
Q

blue MM

A

resp arrest, O2 deprivation, pulmonary disease

27
Q

adequate O2 is necessary for…

A

metabolic process

28
Q

oxygen is carried by…

A

hemoglobin

29
Q

100% O2 saturation means

A

all available Hgb binding sites are filled with oxygen

30
Q

O2 saturation is _____ in arterial blood and _____ in venous blood

A

highest, lowest

31
Q

patient with low Hgb (anemia) will give…

A

inaccurate indication of O2 availability

32
Q

when a patient is given pure oxygen…

A

amount of dissolved O2 will increase, but not percent saturation

33
Q

blood gas analyzers measure…

A

partial pressure, mostly used in large animals, measures dissolved O2 and CO2 in arterial and venous blood

34
Q

PaO2 and SaO2 are ______ during anesthetized patients breathing pure oxygen

A

increased

35
Q

low PaO2 and SaO2 indicate….

A

hypoxia and need for O2 supplementation

36
Q

> 95% saturation indicates…

A

normal saturation

37
Q

<85% saturation indicates…

A

emergency

38
Q

2 types of pulse ox probes

A

transmission or reflective

39
Q

where to put pulse ox

A

tongue, pinna, lip, vulvar fold, achilles tendon

40
Q

reflective probe pulse ox can be placed

A

hollow organ, esophagus, or rectum

41
Q

ventilation

A

movement of gas in and out of alveoli

42
Q

respiration

A

process of which oxygen is supplied and used in tissues and CO2 is eliminated from tissue

43
Q

tachypnea

A

hypercapnia, pulmonary disease, mild surgical stimulus

44
Q

Tidal volume

A

amount of air inhaled during one breath, monitored by chest movement or reservoir bag or respirometer

45
Q

hypoventilation

A

subnormal tidal volume, shallow breathing, can cause atelectasis, reversed by gentle bagging

46
Q

hyperventilation

A

elevated tidal volume, can be caused by hypercapnia and sx stim

47
Q
A
48
Q

dyspnea

A

labored/ difficult breathing

49
Q

apneustic resp pattern

A

prolonged pause between inspiration and expiration

50
Q

apnea monitor

A

monitors respirations, warns if patient takes preset breath, detects temp differences inspired and expired air, sensor placed between ET tube and breathing circuit

51
Q

end-tidal carbon dioxide monitor

A

measure CO2 in air inhaled and exhaled

52
Q

CO2 measurement on inspiration

A

0 mmHg

53
Q
A
54
Q

CO2 measurement on expiration

A

35-45 mmHg

54
Q

cardiac arrest

A

rapid loss of wave form that returns if CPCR is successful

55
Q

hypothermia

A

gradual decrease in ETCO2

56
Q

hyperthermia

A

gradual increase in ETCO2

57
Q

CO2 bound to Hgb

A

20-30 %

58
Q

CO2 dissolved in plasma

A

5-10%

59
Q

CO2 transformed into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions

A

60-70%

60
Q

normal PaCO2 in awake patient

A

<45 mmHg

61
Q

acidotic

A

higher CO2 levels produce higher hydrogen ion concentration, blood pH will be lower (7.2-7.3)

62
Q

PaO2

A

partial pressure of dissolved oxygen in arterial blood, should be 5x inspired oxygen concentration

Surg Pro (10 decks)

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