bovine sx procedures Flashcards
preferred sedation
standing
sedation and tranquilization can cause
bloat, fasting helps
fasting time
food: 24-48 hours
water: 6-12 hours
local anesthesia
most common, lidocaine (cheap and least toxic), mepivacaine, bupivacaine, requires large dose
lidocaine toxicity
resp. depression, hypotension, muscle, twitching, drowsiness
max dose of lidocaine
13 mg/kg
L block
used for standing flank Sx, inject all the way into peritoneum, place in L configuration, should be in all layers including muscle, allow 10-15 minutes to take effect
paravertebral block
to create large flank anesthetic zone (skin down to peritoneum), blocks T13, L1, and L2, includes longissimus muscle
cornual nerve block
desensitization of horn and horn base (3-5 ml in calves, 5-10 ml in adults)
intravenous regional analgesia (bier block)
superior to specific nerve block and ring blocks, inject IV into any large superficial veins to block local veins
for bier block
animal is casted, do not leave tourniquet on longer than 2 hours, slowly release tourniquet
epidural
used in obstetrics and prolapses, desensitizes anus, perineum, vulva, vagina, and caudal aspect of thighs, lasts 1-2 hours
castration for bovine
open or closed
reasons for castration
better tasting meat, better disposition
age for castration
1-4 weeks or under 3 months
jack knife method
remove bottom one third of scrotum, expose testicles, cut with blade or jack knife, apply antiseptic powder or spray, may apply stop quick powder, make 1 or 2 incisions
newberry knife method
common for bulls weighing 500 lbs, restrain bull in chute, tail wrap, scrub scrotum, push testicles as far as you can, use knife to cut scrotum side to side leaving 2 scrotal flaps, pull testicles out and crush, remove testicles with emasculator
elastic ring elastrators
used for calves under 2 weeks, apply strong elastic ring around scrotum, causes necrosis of scrotum
problems with elastic rings
attracts flies, tetanus, black leg, and malignant edema
post op castration care
insect protection, check hemorrhage and infection, clean dry area away from others, return to mother if nursing, swelling is normal
prolapse
protrusion of organ through an organ (beef > dairy)
causes of prolapse
obesity, estrogen, straining, constipation, and diarrhea, forced delivery, breeding injury, urogenital defects, coughing
main types of prolapse
rectal, vaginal, uterine
prolapse is _____ and must be treated immediately
life threatening
