bovine sx procedures

Question 1

preferred sedation

Answer 1

standing

Question 1

sedation and tranquilization can cause

Answer 1

bloat, fasting helps

Question 2

fasting time

Answer 2

food: 24-48 hours
water: 6-12 hours

Question 3

local anesthesia

Answer 3

most common, lidocaine (cheap and least toxic), mepivacaine, bupivacaine, requires large dose

Question 4

lidocaine toxicity

Answer 4

resp. depression, hypotension, muscle, twitching, drowsiness

Question 5

max dose of lidocaine

Answer 5

13 mg/kg

Question 6

L block

Answer 6

used for standing flank Sx, inject all the way into peritoneum, place in L configuration, should be in all layers including muscle, allow 10-15 minutes to take effect

Question 7

paravertebral block

Answer 7

to create large flank anesthetic zone (skin down to peritoneum), blocks T13, L1, and L2, includes longissimus muscle

Question 8

cornual nerve block

Answer 8

desensitization of horn and horn base (3-5 ml in calves, 5-10 ml in adults)

Question 9

intravenous regional analgesia (bier block)

Answer 9

superior to specific nerve block and ring blocks, inject IV into any large superficial veins to block local veins

Question 10

for bier block

Answer 10

animal is casted, do not leave tourniquet on longer than 2 hours, slowly release tourniquet

Question 11

epidural

Answer 11

used in obstetrics and prolapses, desensitizes anus, perineum, vulva, vagina, and caudal aspect of thighs, lasts 1-2 hours

Question 12

castration for bovine

Answer 12

open or closed

Question 13

reasons for castration

Answer 13

better tasting meat, better disposition

Question 14

age for castration

Answer 14

1-4 weeks or under 3 months

Question 15

jack knife method

Answer 15

remove bottom one third of scrotum, expose testicles, cut with blade or jack knife, apply antiseptic powder or spray, may apply stop quick powder, make 1 or 2 incisions

Question 16

newberry knife method

Answer 16

common for bulls weighing 500 lbs, restrain bull in chute, tail wrap, scrub scrotum, push testicles as far as you can, use knife to cut scrotum side to side leaving 2 scrotal flaps, pull testicles out and crush, remove testicles with emasculator

Question 17

elastic ring elastrators

Answer 17

used for calves under 2 weeks, apply strong elastic ring around scrotum, causes necrosis of scrotum

Question 18

problems with elastic rings

Answer 18

attracts flies, tetanus, black leg, and malignant edema

Question 19

post op castration care

Answer 19

insect protection, check hemorrhage and infection, clean dry area away from others, return to mother if nursing, swelling is normal

Question 20

prolapse

Answer 20

protrusion of organ through an organ (beef > dairy)

Question 21

causes of prolapse

Answer 21

obesity, estrogen, straining, constipation, and diarrhea, forced delivery, breeding injury, urogenital defects, coughing

Question 22

main types of prolapse

Answer 22

rectal, vaginal, uterine

Question 23

prolapse is _____ and must be treated immediately

Answer 23

life threatening

Question 24

treat for prolapse

Answer 24

clean with 1-2% iodine, replace organ, give epidural, purse string suture, antibiotics

Question 25

horned cattle bring _____

Answer 25

less money

Question 26

dehorning is recommended in

Answer 26

early life

Question 27

disbudding

Answer 27

removing buds before they develop

Question 28

tail amputation

Answer 28

opposed by AVMA in cattle

Question 29

right flank Sx

Answer 29

abdominal exploratory, abomasal displacement and torsions

Question 30

left flank Sx

Answer 30

c sections, rumenotomy, rumenostomies

Question 31

paramedian celiotomy

Answer 31

abomasopexy, c sections, umbilical procedures

Question 32

indications for c section

Answer 32

dystocia, malposition, excessively large calf, flank approach, paramedian approaches, ventral midline

Question 33

after care laparotomy

Answer 33

feed reintroduced after anesthetic recovery, roughage only, well bedded, dry, draft feed environment, incision needs little care