large animal sx procedures

Question 1

nerve blocks

Answer 1

specific nerve blockers

Question 2

field block

Answer 2

no specific nerve, local anesthetic SQ

Question 3

epidural anesthesia

Answer 3

needle inserted in first intercoccygeal space, analgesia of tail, perineum, anus, rectum, vulva and vagina

Question 4

castration

Answer 4

gelding, prevents reproduction, improves aggression, cryptorchids, may increase or decrease horse value

Question 5

cryptorchidism

Answer 5

1 or both testes are in abdomen and testicles do not descend in scrotum

Question 6

if cryptorchidism is hereditary…

Answer 6

do not use for breeding

Question 7

general anesthesia

Answer 7

long acting IV or gas inhalant

Question 8

routine castration age

Answer 8

12-24 months

Question 9

standing castration

Answer 9

tranquilizers, local anesthetic directly into spermatic cord

Question 10

recumbent castration

Answer 10

triple GKX, ketamine

Question 11

prepping for castration

Answer 11

tetanus vacc status, recumbent with legs tied out of way, head down with eyes covered, no clipping or shaving necessary, Sx scrub

Question 12

Sx set up for castration

Answer 12

grassy area over dirt area, Sx scrub, gauze, 20 blade, sterile gloves, emasculators, +/- suture, small sx pack

Question 13

castration procedure

Answer 13

2 incisions over each testicles, vessels are crimped twisted or ligated

Question 14

closed castration

Answer 14

spermatic cord and vaginal tunic are emasculated, greater chance for bleeding

Question 15

open castration

Answer 15

incision made over each testicle, dissect testes out of spermatic cord, spermatic cord crushed and testes are torn away

Question 16

post op care for castration

Answer 16

check for hemorrhage for several hours after, stall rest 24 hours, recheck for bleeding and swelling, no meds needed, hand walking

Question 17

complications from castration

Answer 17

severe hemorrhaging, excessive swelling, inadequate drainage, acute infection, septicemia, protrusion of abdominal viscera

Question 18

pneumovagina repair (caslick)

Answer 18

prevents involuntary aspiration of air in vagina

Question 19

causes of caslick

Answer 19

poor conformation, iinjury, breeding, foaling

Question 20

horses that need caslick

Answer 20

old, thin mares with sunken anuses, racing mares, breeding mares, mares foaling

Question 21

caslick procedure

Answer 21

cut thin ribbon on each vulvar lip and suture together 2/3 length of vulva

Question 21

post op care for caslicks

Answer 21

remove sutures 7-10 days, leave area alone til healed, check sutures

Question 22

complications of caslicks

Answer 22

ripping sutures, too much tissue removed (hard to close)