Monera

Question 1

Under what circumstances does a bacteria cell form an endospore?

Answer 1

When conditions are unsuitable/ lack of food or water

Question 2

Describe briefly how an endospre forms.

Answer 2

In unfavourable conditions bacteria can survive forming endospores.
Here cell contents shrink, round up, and form a thick endospore wall inside original cell wall.
The original cell wall then disintegrates,leaving the endospore.
When favourable conditions return, the endospore absorb water, break their walls and reproduce by binary fission.

Question 3

Name two types of heterotrophic nutrition used by bacteria.

Answer 3

Either parasitic (live host) or saprophytic (dead matter)

Question 4

Distinguish between batch and continuous flow.

Answer 4

Batch- a small amount of organism is added together with fixed amount of sterile nutrient at the beginning
Continous- nutrients are continously fed into the bioreactor and the product is continously removed

Question 5

Distinguish between photosynthetic and chemosynthetic bacteria. Give an example of eacht type

Answer 5

photosynthetic - using light - to make food

chemosynthetic - gets energy by using chemical reactions - volcanic pools

Question 6

What are antibiotics?

Answer 6

Substance produced by microorganisms to kill harmful bacteria

Question 7

Explain what is meant by antibiotic resistance and suggest how it may develop.

Answer 7

Bacteria is not killed by this antibiotic because it is already resistant - natural selection occured

Question 8

What is a possible danger involved in the misuse of antibiotics?

Answer 8

Development of highly resistance strengths

Question 9

Name the kingdom to which bacteria belong?

Answer 9

Monera

Question 10

Name characteristics of bacteria.

Answer 10

Prokaryotic
Have a cell wall
No mitochondria and no plastids
Can be heterotrophic and autotrophic

Question 11

Name the shapes that bacteria is classified in.

Answer 11

Cocci - spherical shape ( Streptoccus)
Bacilli - rod shaped (E.coli)
Spiralli - spiral shaped ( syphilis)

Question 12

Name the phases associated with the growth of bacteria.

Answer 12

LAG Phase 
LOG Phase
STATIONARY Phase
DECLINE phase 
SURVIVAL phase

Question 13

Name benefits of bacteria.

Answer 13

Decompose dead organic matter

Nitrogen fixing bacteria

Question 14

What is the name give to harmful bacterias?

Answer 14

Pathogenic bacteria

Question 15

What is the process called when bacteria produce asexually ?

Answer 15

Binary fission