Human Nutrition

Question 1

What are symbiotic bacteria?

Answer 1

Bacteria that are mutually beneficial

The bacteria get food in the intestine and in turn produce some B group vitamins.

Question 2

The function of symbotic bacteria are?

Answer 2

Produce some B group vitamins and break down cellulose

Question 3

Where in the human alimentary canal is the most water absorbed?

Answer 3

The large intestine

Question 4

What is meant by the term digestion?

Answer 4

Digestion is the breaking down of food so that it can be absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 5

Why is digestion necessary?

Answer 5

So that food can pass from the intestine into the bloodstream and be transported around the body to where its needed

Question 6

Distinguis between mechanical and chemival digestion by writing a sentence about each.

Answer 6

mechanical = physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces - teeth

chemical = enzymes break down food into smaller molecules

Question 7

State one digestive function of the pancreas

Answer 7

Produce amylase, which completes the digestion of starch into maltose

Question 8

Name a substance transported to the liver by the blood in the hepatic portal vein

Answer 8

Co2 or named food

Question 9

Name the blood vessel that brings oxygenaged blood to the liver

Answer 9

Hepatic artery

Question 10

Where in the human body is the liver located in relation to the stomach?

Answer 10

Above stomach
To the right of the stomach
Behind the stomach

Question 11

Where is bile stored after it has been made in the liver?

Answer 11

gall bladder

Question 12

Give one role taht the bile salts play in the digestive process

Answer 12

Emulsify fats

Question 13

Give further functions of the liver, other than manufacture of bile

Answer 13

1) storage of vitamins
2) cholesterol production
3) plasma protein production

Question 14

A person who has suffered from constipation may be advised to increase the amount of wholegrain cereal in her/his diet. Why?

Answer 14

Fibre absorbs water

Faster digestive transit

Question 15

Name a structure in the human digestive system, other than teeth, which is involved in mechanical digestion.

Answer 15

BILE, which is produced by the liver, emulsifies fat.

Question 16

Describe two functions of bile in relation to digestion.

Answer 16

Emulsifies fats

Contains sodium hydrogen carbonate, which neutralises stomach acid

Question 17

Answer the following in relation to lipase:

1) Where it is secreted?
2) Where does it act?
3) What is the approximate pH at its site of action?

Answer 17

1) secreted by pancreas
2) Duodenum
3) 7 to 8

Question 18

Name the part of the digestive sytem in which the following are absorbed into blood.

1) products of digestion
2) water

Answer 18

1) the villi in small intestine

2) large intestine

Question 19

Name a carbohydrate-digesting enzyme in the human alimentary canal.

Answer 19

Amylase

Question 20

Where in the alimentary canal does the enzyme Amylase act?

Answer 20

The small intestine, duodenum

Question 21

State the enzyme’s product (Amylase)

Answer 21

Maltose

Question 22

State two ways in which VILLUS is adapted for the absorption of soluble fats.

Answer 22

• very thin walls, so that digested foods can pass through very easily
• very good blood supply

Question 23

Name a process by which soluble foods are absorbed into blood from the small intestine.

Answer 23

DIFFUSION- the movement of substances from an area of high concentration (intestine) to an area of low concentration (blood)

Question 24

What type of food is mainly absorbed into lacteal?

Answer 24

Fats- fatty acids and glycerol are absorbed into the lacteal

Question 25

What is peristalsis?

Answer 25

Wavelike muscular contractions of the intestine

Question 26

State one reason why a low pH is important in the stomach.

Answer 26

• kills germs

- optional ph for enzymes

Question 27

Why is fibre important?

Answer 27

For peristalsis

Bulk for movement

Question 28

Name an enzyme involved in the digestion of fat.

Answer 28

Lipase

Question 29

What are products of fat digestion?

Answer 29

Fatty acids or glycerol

Question 30

What is the role of bile in fat digestion?

Answer 30

Emulsification

Question 31

State a role of benefical bacteria in the alimentary canal.

Answer 31

Production of vitamins/ aids digestion

Question 32

Name two glands that pass their secretions into the small intestine.

Answer 32

Pancreas

Liver