Human Reproduction

Question 1

What term is used for the time in young person’s life when second sexual characteristics take place?

Answer 1

Puberty

Question 2

Name the hormone that maintains second sexual characteristics throughout the life of a male.

Answer 2

Testestorone

Question 3

Where in the human female reproductive system does meiosis occur?

Answer 3

Ovary

Question 4

Where in the human female reproductive system does the zygote formation occurs?

Answer 4

Fallopian tube

Question 5

Where in the human female reproductive system does implantation occurs?

Answer 5

Endometrium

Question 6

Describe the role of oestrogen in control of events of menstrual cycle.

Answer 6

Causes endometrium to thicken with blood

Question 7

Describe the role of progesterone in control of events of menstrual cycle.

Answer 7

Prevents eggs from developing

Question 8

By which type of cell division does the zygote divide?

Answer 8

Mitosis

Question 9

Further divisions of zygote result in the formation of a morula. What is the next development stage after the morula?

Answer 9

Blastocyst

Question 10

Give two roles of the placenta

Answer 10

Protects foetus

Materials (nutrients) move by diffusion and active transport, e.g. Glucose

Question 11

Give change experienced by mother that indicates that birth process is starting

Answer 11

Cervix dilates (gets wider)

Contractions of the uterus

Question 12

Give a short account of birth process.

Answer 12

1) Contractions of uterus begin and cervix dilates
2) baby’s head moves through cervix and down the birth canal (vagina)
3) Contractions of uterus expel the placenta

Question 13

Name the three germ layers in the early human embryo

Answer 13

1- Ectoderm - on the outside gives rise to skin ,hair and nervous system

2- Mesoderm - in the middle gives rise to muscles and skeleton

3- Endoderm - on inside gives rise to lining of the digestive system

Question 14

From which tissues does the placenta develop?

Answer 14

Uterine and embrionic tissue

Question 15

What is amnion?

Answer 15

Amnion and chorion are membranes that surround the foetus.

They secrete amniotic fluid which protects the foetus.

Question 16

What is semen?

Answer 16

Mixture of sperm cells and seminal fluids

Question 17

State two secondary sexual characteristics of the human male.

Answer 17

• increased growth of penis

- shoulder broaden and muscles enlarge

Question 18

Name a human female menstrual disorder in case of disorder give:

1) Possible cause
2) Method of treatment

Answer 18

1) Fibroids- uncertain but may be linked to levels of oestrogen/ hormonal imbalance
2) can be removed by surgery

Question 19

Give an account of the importance of the placenta during human development in womb.

Answer 19

• antibodies can pass from mother to embryo to give passive acquired immunity
• placenta protects the embryo’s blood circulation from mother’s higher blood pressure

Question 20

What is meant by in-vitro fertilisation?

Answer 20

IVF- involves removing eggs from an ovary and fertilising them outside the body

Question 21

Explain the term MORULA.

Answer 21

Solid ball of cells formed from a zygote by mitosis

Question 22

Explain the term BLASTOCYST

Answer 22

Hollow ball of cells formed from a morula

Question 23

What happens in the ovary around day 14 of the cycle?

Answer 23

Ovulation/ release of the egg

Question 24

Where is FSH produced?

Answer 24

Follicle stimulation hormone - secreted from the pituitary gland.

Question 25

Give one function of FSH.

Answer 25

• stimulates Graafian follicle to secrete Oestrogen

- stimulates development of a new follicle

Question 26

Give a cause of male infertility and suggest a corrective measure.d

Answer 26

low sperm count -> low levels of male hormone testestorone/ suffered from mumps in childhood

-> hormonal treatment or in-vitro fertilization

Question 27

Where is testosterone secreted in the body of the human male?

Answer 27

Testes

Question 28

Where are sperm produced

Answer 28

Testes

Question 29

State two ways in which sperm differ from ova (eggs)

Answer 29

Egg is larger

Sperm has tail, egg doesn’t

Question 30

Name gland that secretes seminal fluid

Answer 30

Prostate

Question 31

State a function of seminal fluid

Answer 31

Enables sperms to move

Question 32

What is meant by contraception?

Answer 32

Prevention of pregnancy

Question 33

Give an example of a surgical method of male contraception.

Suggest advantage and disadvantage

Answer 33

Cutting of spurm ducts
-> 100% effective
But difficult to reverse

Question 34

List three methods of contraception other than surgical.

Answer 34

Natural - no intercourse during time in menstrual cycle when pregnancy is likely
Chemical- spermicides kill sperm/ antibaby pill
Mechanical - physical barriers / condoms

Question 35

In humans, widening of the female hips is one example of physical changes that distinguish the sexes but are not essential for reproduction.
what term is ment?

Answer 35

Second sexual characteristics

Question 36

Which hormone in particular plays significant role in maintaining pregnancy? Where is it produced?

Answer 36

Progesteron/ placenta