molecules and solutions package

Question 1

(Est)What causes the power of attraction to increase in an atom?

Answer 1

As the number of protons and neutrons increases, the power of attraction of the
electrons (electrronagativity) also increases.

Question 2

(Est)What happens to the atom when the number of protons and neutrons increases?

Answer 2

This causes the atom to shrink and
the atomic radius to decrease from the first element to the last.

Question 3

(est)What is the simplified atomic model used for?

Answer 3

The Simplified atomic model is a way to represent atoms showing the number of
protons and neutrons inside the nucleus and the electrons gravitating around it.

Question 4

(Est) What is a mole?

Answer 4

A mole represents a quantity of matter. 1 mole is equal to the
quantity of atoms in 12g of carbon-12. Its symbol is mol.

Question 5

(Est)What does Avogadro’s number represent?

Answer 5

the number of atoms in a mole. It is equal to
6.02 x 10^23 .

Question 6

(Est)what is a polyatomic ion?

Answer 6

A polyatomic atom is a group of 2 or more chemically bonded atoms that becomes
charged after gaining or losing electrons.

Question 7

(Est)What is a molecule?

Answer 7

A molecule is a group of 2 or more atoms that are chemically bonded to one another.

Question 8

(est)Why do atoms tend to combine?

Answer 8

Atoms combine in order to achieve an electron structure similar to noble gases since they are
more stable.

Question 9

(est) What chemical group is stable and why?

Answer 9

Noble gases are stable because their last shell is complete.

Question 10

(est)What is a covalent bond?

Answer 10

A covalent bond is when two atoms share their electrons to fill ou their outer most shell.

Question 11

(est)What is an ionic bond?

Answer 11

Ionic bonds are a transfer of electrons. When an atom that is ready to lose an electron comes
in contact with an atom that is ready to gain an electron, the atoms will react and form an ionic
bond.

Question 12

(est)when writing the chemical formula of a molecule what always comes first?

Answer 12

Metals always come before nonmetals. If a molecule is
made up of 2 nonmetals, the follow the following order: B, Ge, Si, C, Sb, As, P, N, H, Te, Se, S,
I, Br, Cl, O, and F.

Question 13

(est)What is the name of NaCl?

Answer 13

sodium chloride.

Question 14

(est)What is the name of Co2?

Answer 14

carbon dioxide.

Question 15

What is an electrolyte?

Answer 15

An electrolyte is a substance that, when dissolved in water, allows an electric current to flow
through.

Question 16

What is an nonelectrolytes?

Answer 16

Substances that dissolve in water but that to not conduct electricity

Question 17

(St) What can identify an acid?

Answer 17

Acids can be identified by their sour taste and by their reaction to certain types of
indicators. Acids make blue litmus paper turn red and red litmus paper says red. Liquid indicators
and pH paper reacts to acids by changing colours depending on the level of acidity of the
substance in question, allowing us to determine a specific pH number. That value can be
determined by referring to a chart. Acids can also be recognized by the fact that their chemical
formulas begin with an H.

Question 18

(st)why can acids also be recognized by the fact that their chemical
formulas begin with an H.

Answer 18

This is because acids release hydrogen ions when in an aqueous
solution (when dissolved in water). In addition to releasing H+ ions,

Question 19

(st)Are acids electrolytes?

Answer 19

yes, acids release a negative
ion, which most of the time is a nonmetal. This makes acids electrolytes.

Question 20

(est)what does aqueous solution (aq) stand for?

Answer 20

dissolved in water

Question 21

(st)Are bases electrolytes?

Answer 21

In addition to releasing OH- ions, bases also release a positive ion, which
most of the time is a metal. This makes bases electrolytes.

Question 22

(st)How can bases be identified?

Answer 22

Bases can be identified by their bitter taste and by their reaction with certain types of
indicators. Acids make blue litmus paper stay blue and red litmus paper turn blue. Liquid
indicators and pH paper reacts to acids by changing colours depending on how basic the substance
in question is, allowing us to determine a specific pH number. That value can be determined by
referring to a chart. Bases can also be recognized by the fact that their chemical formulas finish
with an OH.

Question 23

(st) How can salts be identified?

Answer 23

Salts can be identified by their reaction with certain types of indicators. Salts make blue
litmus stay blue and red litmus paper stay red. Liquid indicators and pH paper reacts to salts by
changing colours to a corresponding pH value of 7 because salts are neutral. That colour can be
determined by referring to a chart. Salts can also be recognized by the fact that made up of a metal
and a nonmetal. This is because salts release a positive ion (metal) and a negative ion (nonmetal)
when in an aqueous solution (when dissolved in water). This makes salts electrolytes.

Question 24

(st)Are salts electrolytes?

Answer 24

yes, Salts can also be recognized by the fact that made up of a metal
and a nonmetal. This is because salts release a positive ion (metal) and a negative ion (nonmetal)
when in an aqueous solution (when dissolved in water). This makes salts electrolytes.

Question 25

(st) What is an ion?

Answer 25

An ion is an atom that has become electrically charged by losing or gaining
one or more electrons (protons do not move!)

Question 26

What forms a negatively charged ion?

Answer 26

When an atoms gains one or more electrons then protons it becomes negative?

Question 27

Will an element in group 3 tend to gain or give up electrons?

Answer 27

It will tend to lose 3 and will become a positive ion.