Dna, Genes and chromosomes Flashcards

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1
Q

(Est)What does DNA stand for?

A

DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid and it is found in the nucleus of each cell.

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2
Q

(Est)What are the 4 kinds of Nitrogen bases?

A

There are 4 kinds of Nitrogen bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), and cytosine (C).

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3
Q

What connects with adenine?

A

Thymine.

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4
Q

What does guanine connect with?

A

Cytosine.

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5
Q

What is a gene?

A

A gene is a segment of DNA that determines a specific genetic characteristic.

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6
Q

What is a healthy number of chromosomes for a human?

A

23 pairs. for a total of 46.

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7
Q

(est)what is a protein?

A

Proteins determine the character traits of a person. A character trait is a physical or
psychological characteristic that may vary from one individual to another within the same species

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8
Q

(est) Name 3 differences between RNA and DNA

A

 DNA is double helix while
RNA in single helix.
 DNA has thymine while
RNA has Uracil.
 DNA has deoxyribose and
RNA has ribose (sugar)

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9
Q

(est)What can leave the nucleus?

A

RNA

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10
Q

Name the steps in protein synthesis.

A
  1. Transcription of DNA to messenger RNA:
  2. Attachment of messenger RNA to the ribosome:
  3. Translation of the messenger RNA into a protein:
  4. End of Protein Synthesis:
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11
Q

(est) What happens in Transcription of DNA to messenger RNAÉ

A

The genetic information is copied onto RNA.

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12
Q

(est) what happens in the Attachment of messenger RNA to the ribosome?

A

Ribosomes attaches and reads the nucleotide in groups of 3.

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13
Q

(est) what happens in the Translation of the messenger RNA into a protein:

A

 The genetic code determines which amino acid will be added.
 Transfer RNA brings the correct amino acid (as per genetic code).

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14
Q

(Est) what is cross-breeding?

A

Crossbreeding is the exchange of gametes between two
individuals during sexual reproduction, producing a hybrid

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15
Q

(est) What is an allele?

A

An allele is a possible form of a gene.

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16
Q

(est) What is the difference between a homozygous trait and a heterozygous trait?

A

When
both alleles of a character trait are identical in an individual, it is
said to be homozygous for the trait. When the two alleles are
different, the individual is said to be heterozygous for the trait

17
Q

(est) What is a genotype?

A

An individual’s genotype describes an individual’s alleles for a
specific gene. ex: Bb BB

18
Q

(est) what is a phenotype?

A

An individual’s phenotype describes the way in which the genotype expresses itself.
ex: ginger hair, green eyes.

19
Q

B: brown hair b: orange hair
John and Mary are having a kid, John has a genotype of BB and Mary has a genotype of Bb. What is the probability of the child having orange hair?

A

0% chance