Molecular Genetics - Till Midunit Flashcards
What are the instructions in an organism’s DNA do
Provide the direction to build the proteins the organism requires
What is DNA responsible for ensuring
genetic continuity
What is specific about chromosomes when it comes to different species
Size and number of chromosomes
What is the name of the plant with the most chromosomes
The Adder’s Tongue Fern
What are the three steps that need to occur to go from a gene (DNA) to a polypeptide
Portion of DNA that codes for a protein is activated, the nucleotide sequence is transcribed into a molecule of RNA which then moves to the cytosol where its sequence is translated by ribosomes into polypeptides
Where is DNA stored in Eukaryotes
The nucleus
Where is DNA stored in prokaryotes
The nucleoid region
What are genes
Genes are the coding regions of DNA which contain the instructions to build proteins responsible for each trait
What are alleles
Versions of each gene that give a trait more than 1 potential physical appearance
How do eukaryotes pack all of their DNA into a cell
A DNA strand is wrapped around 8 alkaline histone proteins and they are held together by positive and negative charges. It coils up to protect itself and fit
What is a genome
A genome is the complete set of an organisms hereditary material
What is the size of a human genome
3 billion base pairs
How many genes do humans have
20-25000
What functional group is associated with the 3’ Carbon
Hydroxyl group
What functional group is associated with the 5’ Carbon
Phosphate group
What is the orientation that the strands of DNA run in
Anti parallel
What is the distance between each base pair
0.34 nanometers
What way does the double helix turn
Clockwise
What is the size of one complete turn of the double helix of DNA
3.4 nanometers (10 base pairs)
What are the complimentary base pairs
Adenine - Thymine
Guanine - Cytosine
How many hydrogen bonds does the G-C base pair create
3 Hydrogen Bonds
How many hydrogen bonds does the A-T base pair create
2 Hydrogen Bonds
What is the bond that connects the sugar and base in a nucleotide
Glycosyl Bond
When a lot of crossing over occurs, what happens to the distance between two genes
They get farther apart