Metabolic Processes Chapter 4 + 5 - Pop Quiz 3 Flashcards
Where does the ETC occur
In the cristae of the mitochondria
What makes up the ETC
A series of electron carriers and multi-enzyme complexes
What is happening in the ETC
NADH and FADH2 from the prior cellular respiration steps are being oxidized
How much ATP in percent is being made by the oxidation of the coenzymes
When oxidized, the ETC releases energy producing approximately 90% of the ATP molecules in cell
In the ETC, what type of reactions are occurring
A series of coupled redox reactions
In the coupled redox reactions of the ETC, what is happening
As the electrons are transferred from one carrier to another, energy is released from each step. The electrons move to a stronger oxidizing agent every time (Higher electronegativity), finishing off with 1/2 O2 (Oxidative level phosphorylation)
Compare Oxidative and Substrate Level phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation can produce a lot more ATP molecules per glucose
What happens to the ETC if oxygen is ABSENT
There will be no final electron acceptor meaning that there would be no ETC and no ATP produced by the pathway
Describe the electron transport process in terms of its characteristics of energy
Highly exergonic reaction and the energy released is used to pump protons (H+) from the matrix into the inter membrane space
Say the CHANT
As the electrons move through the ETC, they lose POTENTIAL ENERGY, which is released as FREE ENERGY, which is used to PUMP PROTONS from the MATRIX to the INTER-MEMBRANE SPACE.
Now we have ELECTROCHEMICAL POTENTIAL ENERGY!!
In Chemiosmosis:
The PROTONS are going to move DOWN THEIR CONCENTRATION GRADIENT, which releases FREE ENERGY, which is trapped as CHEMICAL BOND ENERGY in the molecule ATP.
In general, how much ATP is made per NADH
In general, 3 ATP are made per NADH in the ETC and chemiosmosis
How many ATP are made by FADH2 in the ETC
In general, 2 ATP are made per FADH2
What protein enzyme complex does NADH pass through
NADH Dehydrogenase
What protein enzyme complex does FADH2 pass through
Ubiquinone (Q)
How many protein enzyme complexes are their, and which of them are in our learning?
There are 4 complexes, only the first two NADH dehydrogenase and Ubiquinone (Q) are for us
What complex is found in Chemiosmosis
ATP Synthase complex
What does ATP Synthase complex do
provides channels through which protons can travel back into the mitochondrial matrix which provides energy to form ATP
Why is there a difference in ATP yields between NADH and FADH2
FADH2 carries electrons that do not have as high a energy level as NADH
How many electrons come from NADH and FADH2
Both coenzymes carry 2 high energy electrons
Howmany protons can the NADH electrons pump
3 protons
Howmany protons can the FADH2 electrons pump
2 protons
How many ATP molecules are made in the ETC
No ATP are made in the ETC, the theoretical 32 ATP are made in Chemiosmosis
What are the major structures in the mitochondria
Outer membrane, INTER membrane space, Inner membrane (Folds/Cristae), Mitochondrial matrix
What is the exception of NADH from glycolysis in the ETC
Since ATP made through glycolysis is in the cytoplasm, its electrons are moved through the mitochondria’s membrane but are then transferred to FAD which means only 2 ATP are produced from this NADH type