Biochemistry Flashcards
What percentage of any living organism is made of water?
50-95%
The rest of the cell not including water is made of what?
- Nucleic Acid
- Proteins
- Lipids
- Carbohydrates
All living organisms are made of primarily 6 types of atoms
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulfur, Phosphorus
What is a covalent Bond
Sharing of Electrons
What is an Ionic Bond
Transfer of Electrons
What is a Polar Covalent Bond
Unequal sharing of Electrons
All organic compounds contain?
Carbon
What is catabolism
chemical reactions that break down compounds into simpler forms
What is anabolism
Chemical reactions that build up substances
What is an element
A pure substance that cannot be broken down using ordinary chemical or physical techniques
What are atoms
Smallest particles of elements that allow elements to differ from each other
What are most organic compounds made of?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, as well as Nitrogen
What are 3 subatomic particles
Protons, Electrons, Neutrons
Do atoms have net charges
No, # of neutrons = # of protons
What is the mass number
Sum of protons and neutrons in an atom
What is an isotope
Different neutron containing form of an element
What are intermolecular forces
Bonds in between molecules, weaker relative to other forces: London Dispersion, Dipole-Dipole, Hydrogen bonds
What are intramolecular forces
Bonds in between atoms of a molecule: ionic, covalent, etc.
What are the three types of intermolecular forces
London Dispersion, Dipole-Dipole, hydrogen bonds
What are characteristics of London Dispersion forces
Weakest intermolecular force, increase in strength with bigger molecules, exists between all atoms and molecules, formed by the temporary unequal distribution of electrons as they orbit the nucleus
What are Dipole-Dipole forces
Stronger than london forces, hold polar molecules together, -ve is attracted to +ve of another molecule
What are hydrogen bonds
The strongest intermolecular forces, strongest type of Dipole-Dipole force between an H+ of one molecule and a N, O or F of another molecule
Properties of water
Water is a polar molecule, so hydrogen bonds form between water molecules, known as the universal solvent, dissolves the most substances, small non polar molecules are only slightly soluble in water, large non polar molecules do not dissolve at all
What are acids
Increase the concentration of hydronium ions in water solutions (H3O+)