Molecular Biology-The Role of DNA

Question 1

genes serve as templates for the production of:

Answer 1

RNA

Question 2

transcription

Answer 2

the process of reading DNA and writing the information as RNA

Question 3

what are the possible products of transcription?

Answer 3

either a final gene product (non-coding RNA) or a messenger molecule (mRNA)

Question 4

translation

Answer 4

synthesis of protein using RNA as a template

Question 5

main protein involved in translation?

Answer 5

ribosome

Question 6

ribosome

Answer 6

massive enzyme composed of many proteins and pieces of RNA (rRNA)

Question 7

Central Dogma

Answer 7

mechanism whereby inherited information is used to create objects, namely enzymes and structural proteins (DNA, RNA, proteins)

Question 8

genetic code

Answer 8

the language used by DNA and mRNA to specify the building blocks of proteins using ATGC

Question 9

codon

Answer 9

a “nucleic acid word” consisting of 3 nucleotides that codes for a particular amino acid

Question 10

stop codons/nonsense codons

Answer 10

notify the ribosome that the protein is complete and cause it to stop reading the mRNA

Question 11

stop codons are also called nonsense codons because:

Answer 11

they do not code for any amino acid

Question 12

synonyms

Answer 12

two or more codons coding for the same amino acid

Question 13

degenerate

Answer 13

describes the genetic code, because each amino acid can be coded by more than one codon

Question 14

how many amino acids does each codon specify?

Answer 14

ONLY ONE, the code has no AMBIGUITY