MOLBIO LEC Flashcards
He discovered DNA
JOHANN FRIEDRICH MIESCHER
(1869)
He extracted a viscous substance, which he initially called nuclein, from isolated white blood cells in seepage collected from discarded surgical bandages
JOHANN FRIEDRICH MIESCHER
JOHANN FRIEDRICH MIESCHER
- chemical analysis of the extracted nuclein showed that the substance was_____ and ______, making the substance different from any then known group of molecules
2.5% phosphorus and 14% nitrogen
JOHANN FRIEDRICH MIESCHER
- observed that mkst of the nonnuclear cell components could be lysed away with ____, leaving the nuclei intact
Diluted hydrochloric acid
Implicated that DNA is responsible for bacterial transformation
OSWALD AVERY
COLIN MACLEAD
MACLYN MACCARTY
(1994)
They showed that non encapsulated (non-pathogenic) strains of streptococcus pneumoniae are transformed to become encapsulated (pathogenic) upon the addition of DNA from the encapsulated strain
OSWALD AVERY
COLIN MACLEAD
MACLYN MACCARTY
In 1952, they helped confirmed that DNA is the genetic material- showed that viral nucleic acids are infectious while viral protein is not
ALFRED HERSHEY
MARTHA CHASE
(1952)
He performed chromatographic methods that led to the conclusion that adenine (A) content of DNA is equal to the Thymine (T) content while guanine (G) content is equal to its cytosine (C) content
ERWIN CHARGAFF
1949-1953
He started using optical spectroscopy to study DNA
MAURICE WILKINS
(1940s)
They obtained the A and B conformation of DNA
ROSALIND FRANKLIN AND MAURICE WILKINS
Published the first correct model of the DNA molecule
JAMES WATSON
FRANCIS CRICK
(1953)
They utilized Rosalind Franklin’s “Photo 51” and other data to postulate a three- dimensional model structure of the DNA structure
JAMES WATSON AND FRANCIS CRICK
WHO ARE THE PEOPLE INCLUDED IN THE AGE OF DNA MANIPULATION STUDIES
HERBERT BOYER AND STANLEY NORMAN COHEN
WALTER GILBERT AND FREDERICK SANGER
KARRY MULLIS
They performed the first known successful DNA recombinant experiment which allowed them to produce human insulin from genetically modified bacteria
HERBERT BOYER AND STANLEY NORMAN COHEN (1973)
Separately developed techniques for rapid DNA sequencing that made it possible to read nucleotide sequence of entire genes
WALTER GILBERT AND FREDERICK SANGER
(1970s)
Invented the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for amplification of DNA
KARRY MULLIS (1985)
Presented the zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), which are engineered DNA-binding enzymes that allows targeted editing of the genome
1991
NIKOLA PANAYOT PAVLETICH AND CARL PABO
British developmental biologist who was the first to generate a mammalian clone
SIR IAN WILMUT (1997)
1997
SIR IAN WILMUT
A british biologist who was first to generate a mammalian clone, ____, by using nuclear transfer of differentiated adult cells
DOLLY THE SHEEP
In 1998, the ________ ______ became the First multicellular organism to have its entire genome decoded
CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS
In 2002, _____ became the first crop to have its entire genome decoded.
RICE
The completion of the ______ was recorded in 2003. The said project completely mapped and identified all the genes of the human genome in both functional and physical contexts
HUMAN GENOME PROJECT
In 2009, ________ were publicly presented. These are enzymes that can be engineered to cut specific DNA sequences
TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATOR-LIKE EFFECTOR NUCLEASES (TALENs)